Biochemical Changes in the Serum and Liver of albino rats exposed to Petroleum Samples (gasoline, kerosene, and crude Petroleum).

Biochemical changes in the serum and liver of albino rats chronically exposed to rats administered 5gk-1 , 7.5gk-1 and 15gk-1 of gasoline , kerosine and crude petroleum(bonny light) respectively were studied. The petroleum samples were administered intraperitoneally and the biochemical changes in the rat serum and the liver wree monitored over a three monthduration:Asparate amino transferase (AST) Alanine amino transferas (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphate (ALP) all showed dose- dependent increase in levels from zero month to 3rd month, gasoline from 19.0 ± 2.8 of control to 69.0 ±12.8 third month kerosine 19.0 ±2.8 control to 58±5.0 third month and crude Petroleum 19.0±2.8 control to 33.2 ± 1.3 at the third month. Alanine amino transferase increase from 12.0 ± 1.1 of control to 62.0 ± 6.0 at the third month with gasoline, also from 12+ 1.1 of control to 29.7 + 5.6 in the third month with kerosene and from 12.0 ± 1.1 of control to 27. ± 3.1 at the third month with crude petroleum. Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase increase from 62.1 ± 3.0 ì/l control to 161.0 ± 2.0 at the third month for gasoline, kerosene from 62.1 ± 3.0 of control to 123.6 ± 12.6ì/l at the third month, with crude petroleum (bonny light) increasing from 62.1 ± 3.0 ì/l of control to 90.5± 6.3 ì/l at third month. Glutathione transferase (GST) was marginally increase in gasoline treated rats from 13.0 ± 0.8 ì/l of control to 17.0 ± 1.0 u/l however, greater elevation in level of the enzyme was obtained in kerosene treated rats from 13.0 ± 0.8 ì/l of control to 25.2 ± 2.0 ì/l at the third month. Finally the reducedglutathione (GSH) seemed to be depleted from 0.56 ± 0.1 mM of control to 0.43 ± 0.1 at the third month with gasoline, 0.30 ± 0.1 mM at the third month with kerosene and 0.41 ± 0.1 mM at the third month with crude petroleum (bonny light). In conclusion the petroleum sample caused biochemical changes in the serum andliver of the rats

Effects Of Alcohol And Paracetamol On Hepatic Glutathione Concentration In Albino Rats

The effect of paracetamol on hepatic glutathione concentration in rats after chronic alcohol and given intoxication was investigated using biochemical indices. Male albino rats were grouped into five and the different dosage regimens of paracetamol (300 mg/kg) and 12% alcohol. Hepatic glutathione concentration and the percentage liver weight to body weight were then measured. The administration of alcohol alone increased the percentage liver weight to body weight by 5.9% as well as the hepatic glutathione concentration to as high as 19.5% whilst that of paracetamol alone caused a reduction in percentage liver weight to body weight of 5.9% and hepatic glutathione concentration of 23.8%. The administration of paracetamol to alcohol intoxicated rats reduced the enzyme inducting effect of alcohol, as shown by mean percentage liver weight to body weight of 2.9% and GSH percentage depletion of 9.5%. There was a significant increase in the activity of Glutathione-s- Transferase in rats administered alcohol and paracetamol for four days compared to control. In conclusion the administration of paracetamol after excessive consumption of alcohol may cause more damage than the expected relief. KEY WORDS: Hepatic Glutathione concentration, Paracetamol and alcohol which revealed that administration Journal of Medical Investigation and Practice Vol. 4: 2003: 8-1

Effect of alcohol and paracetamol on aspect of the hematology of albino rats

Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts as well as serum cholesterol level were used to access the effects of administration of alcohol and paracetamol to albino rats. Fifteen male albino rats weighing between 75 – 160 grams were grouped into five and given various combinations of alcohol and paracetamol treatments such as 300 mgkg -1 paracetamol and 12% ethanol for two weeks. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and the various parameters determined. The Hb, PCV, WBC, Lymphocyte values were significantly lower in all the groups exposed to 12% alcohol and 300 mgkg -1 paracetamol. The reduction was more remarkable in rats exposed to four doses of 300 mgkg -1 and 12% ethanol compared to either control or others. The study suggests that alcohol and paracetamol ingestion could result in hematological abnormalities in albino rats. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Vol. 2(1) 2006: 16-1

Aspects of the hematology of fishes caught in contaminated water bodies

A study was carried out to determine aspects the hematological profiles of different species of fish caught in fresh water systems at Bodu and Choba in Rivers State, Nigeria. Cardiac blood was collected from 20 fishes per specie and subjected to hematological analyses which included hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell counts (WBC) and Glutathione-S-tranferase (GST). Catfish had the highest hemoglobin value (14.6 ± 3.5 g/100 ml), while Mudskipper and African Sleeper had the least (3.3 ± 1.3 and 2.9 ± 0.6 g/100 ml respectively). Similarly, the highest PCV value (43.9%) was recorded in Catfish, while the African Sleeper had the least (8.6%). The Mudskipper and African Sleeper on the other hand had the highest white blood cell values of 4.8 ± 0.9 and 4.2 ± 0.8 respectively. Glutathione - S transferase value for the Mudskipper at 24.9 ± 2.1 μl was highest while the 6.3 ± 0.6 μl recorded in Catfish was the least. Keywords: fishes, hematological profile, and glutathione-s- transferase, Nigeria Animal Production Research Advances Vol. 1(2) 2005: 102-10

Renal Dysfunction and Hyperlipidaemia in Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients

Hyperlipidaemia and renal dysfunction in four groups of patients( hypertensive diabetics, hypertensive , diabetic patients and normal individuals)was assessed using biochemical markers such as Urea, Creatinine , Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and Fasting blood sugar(FBS) . A total of 84 adults’ subjects aged between 20 and 65 years consisting of 22hypertensive, 22 hypertensive diabetics, 20 diabetics and 20 apparently healthy individuals (which served as control) were used for the study all within Aba Metropolitan.The investigations were done with serum and the biochemical parameters were assayed based on calorimetric method. However, the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. From the results, it was observed that there was a significant increase in the serum levels of Urea and Creatinine in hypertensive diabetics compared to hypertensive, diabetics and control subjects (P<0.05).Although, there was a slight increase in the levels of Triglyceride and LDL-C in the same group compared to others. Equally indicated was that diabetics exhibited slight increase in Fasting blood sugar (FBS) compared to the other three groups (control Mmol/L; 4.32±0.60 vs 7.34±0.92 vs 4.90± 0.50 vs 10.80± 1.05, P<0.05). The study has established a renal dysfunction in hypertensives and diabetics. Equally noted was hyperlipidaemia in the groups studied. The study is therefore stressing the importance of controlling hyperlipidaemia in Hypertensive diabetics, Hypertensive and Diabetic patients, since it is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.Key words:Renal Dysfunction, Hyerlipidaemia, Hypertensives, Diabetics