Iatrogenic Urinary Tract Injury in Major Obstetrics and Gynaecological Surgeries

To determine the prevalence and types of iatrogenic urinary tract injuries during obstetrics and gynaecological procedures and to find out the possible risk factors.Methods: In this cross sectional study all patients undergoing major obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries were included. Variables included the personal data, age of the patient at time of surgery, Indication , type of surgery , location and type of injury and possible risk factors. Surgical approach and cause of injury was determined. Data regarding risk factors was collected on specified proforma. Iatrogenic urinary tract injury was defined as any inadvertent injury to the urinary tract for which additional intervention and observation was required. Major surgery was any surgery with duration more than 30 minutes including opening of peritoneal cavity.Results: Records of 1800 patients was studied. Out of 1900 patients 8(0.44 %) suffered from iatrogenic urinary tract injuries. Median age of patients was 33 years. The procedure in which most urinary tract injuries occurred was peripartum hysterectomy, second most common procedure was total abdominal hysterectomy. Most common injury was injury to urinary bladder. It was injured in 5 (0.27 %) cases.Ureters were damaged in 2 (0.11%) patients. Urethra was damaged during.1( 0.05%) procedure. The main risk factor was previous surgery with resultant adhesions present in 75% of patients having iatrogenic urinary tract injuries. Seven cases of injury were diagnosed at the time of operation and successfully repaired. 0ne case was diagnosed late and developed ureterovaginal fistula.Conclusion: Iatrogenic urinary tract injury is uncommon but carries serious morbidity. Adhesions due to previous surgery were an important risk facto

54 Physiochemical Analysis of Fresh Water Sources in District Bhimber, Azad Jammu Kashmir

The present study investigates the physiochemical parameters of drinking water quality in district Bhimber of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The drinking water supplies in the area come from four main sources, streams, springs, hand pumps and boreholes. A total of seventy one (71) samples from all four water sources were taken for determination of physiochemical parameters. The results show considerable variation in water quality parameters of different water sources. However, the data analyses indicate that physiochemical parameters of water samples are well within the permissible limits of drinking water quality. Stream water samples show slightly higher pH values, while two samples from hand-pump have shown marginally higher content of TDS. The mean values of dissolved oxygen in borehole and hand-pump water samples are also slightly below the water quality standard limits. The correlation studies show that pH has a strong negative correlation with calcium and positive relation with sodium in water samples of all four sources. Similarly, the dissolved oxygen has shown negative relationship with temperature and a weak to moderate positive relationship with pH of water. No evidence of pollution and industrial contamination of water was found. The study found that water from all four sources is safe for drinking purpose

Does inflammation determine whether obesity is metabolically healthy or unhealthy? the aging perspective

10.1155/2012/456456Mediators of Inflammation20121-1

Survival Analysis of Tumor using 7 Tesla MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI7) is a very powerful imaging technique for the assessment of stroke aetiology (Condition) and brain imaging. Another class of MRI is ultrahigh frequency based MRI using 7 Tesla is now developed by seamen’s for better imaging in humans. This study examines these MRI. Thisarticle highlights an alternative approach, denoted “interval monitoring,” whose aims is related with more timely detection of tumor cancer changes. The conceptual background and the computational realization of the proposed method are outlined, and its application is illustrated by an empirical example from the image-based photo science, cancer registry of America. Monitoring of cancer patient survival is the first step of its cure so across the globe practice routinely employed by many cancer registries, which is an essential component for its cure. However, changes in prognosis over time are disclosed withconsiderable delay, with traditional methods of monitoring cumulative survival. Our study took sequence of MRI images, GMPLS function locate the cancer after filtering and skeletonization. This study saves time and difference for calculation of cancer equation. This study uses statistical technique to get the desired matrix, further its inverse provides us real time mathematical equation which is unique for each patient. Further survivor analysis is employed to achieve the break or death of subject. The Aim of this research is to provide unique mathematical model of a cancer patient, provides real time graph aboutcancer health and survivor function depicts the death of subject respectively

Self-Consistent C-V Characterization of Depletion Mode Buried Channel InGaAs/InAs Quantum Well FET Incorporating Strain Effects

We investigated Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) characteristics of the Depletion Mode Buried Channel InGaAs/InAs Quantum Well FET by using Self-Consistent method incorporating Quantum Mechanical (QM) effects. Though the experimental results of C-V for enhancement type device is available in recent literature, a complete characterization of electrostatic property of depletion type Buried Channel Quantum Well FET (QWFET) structure is yet to be done. C-V characteristics of the device is studied with the variation of three important process parameters: Indium (In) composition, gate dielectric and oxide thickness. We observed that inversion capacitance and ballistic current tend to increase with the increase in Indium (In) content in InGaAs barrier layer.Comment: 5 pages, ICEDSA conference 201