Would Exchange Rate Converge in Nigeria?A Stochastic-Markov Transition Process Analysis

This paper examined if the Nigerian exchange rate would converge in the long run thereby looking at the exchange rate switches or transition from a particular state to another. This was done via the iterations of the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations of the Markov model, It was discovered that convergence occurred in the long run as shown by our markov model. It suggests that appreciation and depreciation of the naira via dollar rate would be stable as indicated by the probability values. Keywords: Markov, Transition probabilities, Exchange rate, Chapman-Kolmogoro

Achieving Optimality and Efficiency Services in the Bank: A Queuing Theory Approach

Man s daily life is characterised by his waiting for services thus this study is aimed at finding ways of reducing the queues for optimal and effective services rendered In a nutshell the objective of this study is to examine the efficiency in the services rendered by some banks in the University of Nigeria Nsukka campus branch thereby seeing to how optimality can be achieved in the services rendered by these banks Thus the central forms would be on the services rendered through ATMs since the bank made it compulsory that non bulk withdrawals must make use of ATM services and many people usually find it more convenient to make transfers and other forms of payments through ATM

Causes and Terrain of Oil Spillage in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: The Analysis of Variance Approach

Oil spillage in Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been on an increase and almost on a regular basis. The objective of this study is on the causes and terrain of oil spillage in the Niger Delta with emphasis on which causes have significant effect on the volume of oil spillage, the terrain that is most affected. The two way analysis of variance statistical tool was employed and it was discovered that the ‘sabotage' cause was significant at a 5% level of significance and from the pairwise multiple comparison the ‘sabotage' cause was seen as the major causes of oil spillage in the Niger Delta followed by the ‘operational' and ‘mystery spill' causes respectively. It was also discovered that the incident site that was most affected was the swamp terrain with 82% while water was 46% and land with 6.5%. The study concluded that to reduce or manage oil spillage in Nigeria, the Federal government and Federal environmental management agency should enforce the laws governing oil spill incident in Nigeria. Keywords: Terrain, Causes, Niger Delta JEL Classifications: P28, Q53, Q56 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.733

Application of the Stochastic Markov Model in Predicting the Volume of Oil Spill in Nigeria: A Case of the Niger-delta Region

Oil spillage in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and its associated hazard is on the increase and there is urgent need to combat its increasing volume by predicting the volume in the future thus, the objective of this study is on the prediction of the volume of oil spill in Nigeria via the Stochastic Markov Model. Two States Markov analysis were employed  and it was discovered that the volume of oil spill incident were mostly maintained in a high state than in a low state and the predicted values were approximately steady at a probability value of 0.519 which is in favour of the high state. The study concluded that for the Nigerian Federal government to combat the volume of oil spill, she should in addition to enforcing the laws governing the volume of oil spill incident, employ remediation process that would help clean up the mess caused the spillage. Keywords: occurrence, oil spill, Niger Delta JEL Classifications: P28, Q53, Q56 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.774

The Bull or Bear Characterization of Bitcoin Market Conditions

The bear and bull market conditions have attracted a lot of attention as economic phenomena, thus characterizing the bitcoin markets as bullish or otherwise bearish goes a long way in describing the behaviour of the market. However, this paper will use the regime switching method to identify the turning points of the Bitcoin market conditions, predict the bull and bear Bitcoin market conditions and also emphasize the properties of the bear and bull market conditions that would aid investors in making the right investment decisions