Utilization of western and traditional healthcare services by farm families in Ukwa-East local government area of Abia state, Nigeria

The relationship between farmers’ health and agricultural productivity has been established in literature. The study assessed utilization of Western and Traditional healthcare services by farm- families in Ukwa-East Local Government of Abia State. The population of study comprised all farm-families in the 19 Community that make up the study area. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select 133 male and female farm-family heads who served as the sample for the study. Structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Research data were analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics (such as mean, ranking and percentages). Among others, it was found that the illnesses/diseases that were prevalent in the study area were related to occupational hazard-induced conditions such as acute headache, waist pains, injuries and inadequate hygiene-related illnesses (such as typhoid fever and malaria) . While very few respondents use Western health care services, majority (80.4%) usually combine Traditional and Western health care services. Most respondent accessed information on Western health care services from families/friends and neighbours whereas information about Traditional health care services reached farm-families through combined efforts of family/friends and neighbours, radio and television programmes and itinerant Traditional medicine hawkers. Respondents were not in doubts about the beneficial effects of utilizing Western over Traditional health care service, their major problems with it were the high costs, time wastage, grossly inadequate primary health care facilities. It was recommended that Government improve Primary Health Care facilities, subsidize cost of drugs and services to farm families while implementing drudgery-reduction intervention programmes that would reduce occupational hazard-induced ill-health or diseases among the farm families. The Agricultural Extension service should be re-positioned with a view to making it more responsive to the pertinent needs of health education, while mounting vigorous awareness campaign against the use of unregulated traditional health care services.Keywords: Traditional healthcare, Western healthcare, farmers, diseas

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Marketing of Garri in Port Harcourt City of Rivers State

This study assessed the socio-economic factors affecting the marketing of garri in Port Harcourt city of Rivers State. Specifically it examined the organization of garri marketing in Port Harcourt; the marketing cost and margin and recommended ways of improving the marketing system of garri in the study area. Four major markets (Mile one market, Mile three market, Oil mill market and Creek market) in Port Harcourt city were purposivefully selected for this study out of which 20 respondents were randomly selected from each of the market giving a total of 80 respondents. Interview schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected include socio economic characteristic of the traders, purchases and sales transaction, marketing cost and returns and finally problems encountered by the traders. Analysis of the data obtained showed that majority (83%) of the respondents were female, 78% had basic education which help them in keeping proper record and in performing marketing function effectively. Also 87.5% had been in the business for between one to ten years while 75% were retail traders. Furthermore 50% of the garri traders buy their product from outside Port Harcourt while the major means of transportation used by the traders was taxi (40%). Some of market information was mainly from colleagues (61%). The total average marketing cost per ton is N2372.9. The respondents earn fairly high net returns in relation to the marketing function they perform but cannot be said to be excessive. The major problems encountered in the marketing of garri in the study area include transportation problem and lack of capital. It was therefore recommended that micro credit facilities through formal financial institution should be made accessible to the traders so as to help them acquire sufficient capital for the transaction. Also marketers can pool their resources together to find a lasting solution to the problem of transportation by either buying a bus or hiring one to convey them to and fro at cheaper rates and more convenient situation

Relative Difficulties Experienced By Farmers in Obtaining Agricultural Production Inputs in Abia and Akwa Ibom States of Nigeria

The investing was undertaken to determine the relative difficulties encountered by farmers in securing selected production inputs in Abia and Akwa-Ibom States, Nigeria. Two-hundred and eighty farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure comprised the sample. Interviewed schedule that employed a 4-point rating scale was administered to elicit information about relative difficulties experienced by farmers in obtaining required quantities, timely supply and cost of production inputs. The results indicate that farmers had the greatest difficulties in obtaining required quantities of fungicides/herbicides, fertilizer, livestock and fishery inputs. The greatest difficulties were experienced with regards to timely supply of fertilizer, fishery, fungicides/herbicides and livestock inputs in that order of decreasing intensity. Farmers cited fishery inputs as the costliest, followed by fertilizer, fungicides/herbicides and livestock inputs. On the other hand, farmers experienced minimum difficulties with adequate supply, timely supply and cost of agro processing, agro foresting and improved seeds. The paper suggests strategies for alleviating the constraints faced by farmers.Keywords: difficulties, farmers, agricultural production inputsJournal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR) Vol. 11, No. 1, 201

Assessment of climate change training needs of agricultural extension agents in Abia state, Nigeria

The study assessed the agricultural extension agents' climate change training needs in Abia state. Eighty-three extension agents were chosen for the study using a simple random sampling procedure. Questionnaire was used to collect data, which was then summarized using percentages, frequency counts, and the mean. The findings indicated that male agricultural extension agents comprised a majority (53%) of the state's agricultural extension agents. The average household contained between one and five members (60%). Only 10% have a master's degree, while the majority (69%) have a bachelor's degree. The average length of employment was 15 years. The study's findings indicated that there are still extension agents who are unaware of climate change (1%). Agricultural extension agents in the study area have a limited understanding of all six climate change statements. Extension agents provide significant climate change services to farmers, including technical advice on climate change ( =2.0), the establishment of Small Plot Adaptation Techniques (SPAT) to monitor the impact of climate change (=2.1), and educating farmers on appropriate agrochemicals for climate change adaptation (weed and pest control) ( =2.2). Additionally, the results indicated that understanding fundamental climate change concepts ( =3.7), utilising cultural practises to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts ( =3.4), and environmentally friendly management practises to mitigate and adapt to climate change ( =3.4) were the primary areas of need for climate change training among extension agents. Inadequate funding for training (=3.4), a lack of financial support from organizations ( =3.3), and an inability to access financial support from funders (=3.3) were the major barriers to attending climate change training for extension agents. Regular climate change seminars and training workshops for agricultural extension agents at the federal and state levels will help to improve their overall knowledge of climate change issues. The Agricultural Development Program should utilize Forth nightly training (FNT) meetings to educate extension agents about climate change issues

Agriculture Lecturers’ Perception of the Benefits of Professional Meetings in Nigeria

The study assessed Agriculture lecturer’s perception of the benefits of professional meetings in Nigeria. The study was conducted in Southeast and southsouth geo political zone of Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select eighty agriculture lecturers for the study. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and analysed using frequency counts, percentages and mean. Of the eighty agriculture lecturers used for the study, 59% were male, 81% married and 55% had their doctorate degree. The mean age and working experience were 43yrs and 11yrs respectively. Majority (98.8%) had attended national professional meetings in the past five years while only 32.5% had attended international professional meetings in the past five years. Also, 77% attend at most two professional meetings in a year. Of the five professional meetings (conferences, workshop, trainings, symposiums and seminar) examined in this study, result show that agriculture lecturers attach so much value to conferences (M =3.78). It was also shown that agriculture lecturers strongly perceive the benefits of professional meetings to be: connects one to relevant networking team (M = 3.86), exposes one to new arrears in agriculture (M = 3.82) and gives one the opportunity to contribute his/her quota to knowledge. Based on the results of the study, it was recommended the need to support agriculture lecturer’s attendance to international conferences and other international professional meetings to enable them expand their networking and collaboration activities. This is by offering sponsorships and other incentives to lecturers whose papers are accepted for presentation in such meetings.Key words: professional meetings, benefits

Effects of Climate Change on Fluted Pumpkin Production and Adaptaton Measures Used Among Farmers in Rivers State

The importance of fluted pumpkin crop in rural household economy cannot be over emphasized. Farmers in the South South Nigeria depend greatly on fluted pumpkin for its many uses. The production however is beset with a myriad of constraints of which climate change is one of the most outstanding. The study assessed the effects of climate change and adaptation measures used by fluted pumpkin farmers in Ikwerre Local Government Area(LGA) of Rivers State, Southsouth Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. Out of the twelve communities that make up Ikwerre LGA, six communities were randomly chosen from which one hundred and eighty fluted pumpkin farmers were proportionately selected. Interview schedule and focus group discussion were used to elicit in depth information from respondents. Data were analyzed using percentage, frequency count and mean. Tables and charts were used in presentation of data. The result of the study showed that 51 percent of the respondents were female, majority were married (77 percent) and were full time farmers (79 percent). Relatively large proportion had no formal education (42 percent) and indicated both consumption and sale (79 percent) as the major aim of production. The respondents perceived that unpredictable climate condition, changes in rainfall pattern, changes in rainfall distribution, reduced yield of fluted pumpkin and reduction of family income were the major effects of climate change on fluted pumpkin production. A combination of fluted pumpkin production with other income generating activities was shown to be the most widely used adaptation strategy by respondents. Based on the results of the study it was recommended that improved extension services that can provide the needed farming inputs (fluted pumpkin seedlings, fertilizers e.t.c) as well as useful and relevant information on climate change and adaptation strategies should be made available to the people