Analisis Faktor Diabetes Melitus terhadap Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) Di RS TNI AU Dr Dody Sarjoto Makassar

Latar Belakang : Survei kesehatan rumah tangga yang dilakukan secara berkala oleh Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa penyakit kardiovaskuler memberikan kontribusi sebesar 19,8% dari seluruh penyebab kematian pada tahun 2011 dan meningkat menjadi 24,4% pada tahun 2011 (Goya 2011). Penyakit kardiovaskuler, termasuk PJK, merupakan salah satu gejala jangka panjang dari masa peralihan ini dan penyakit diabetes mellitus merupakan faktor pencetus progresifitas terjadinya PJK oleha karena itu peneliti sangat tertarik untuk meneliti hubungan faktor resiko penyakit diabetes mellitus terhadap angka kejadian pasien penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian Observational Analitik yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan menjelaskan hubungan antar variabel, yang dalam hal ini adalah variabel faktor risiko penyakit Diabetes melitus dan variabel  penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah case-control, dimana kasus dan kontrol telah diketahui pada saat (awal) penelitian, kemudian ditelusuri secara retrospektif faktor risiko (paparan) yang berperan dalam kejadian PJK. Hasil Penelitian : Menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien PJK, sebagian besar responden memiliki DM sebesar 73,4%, sedangkan responden yang tidak memiliki DM sebesar 26,6%. Kelompok bukan PJK, persentase responden memiliki DM yaitu sebesar 41,7 %, sedangkan yang tidak memiliki DM sebesar 58,3%. Nilai X2hitung(4,721)< X2tabel (3,841) atau nilai p (0,03) < α (0,05) berarti bahwa ada hubungan antara diabetes melitus dengan kejadian PJK. Kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan yang bermakna antara diabetes melitus dengan kejadian PJK

Improving the Access of the Indonesian Community to Qualified Health Services

Health development is faced with a variety of important issues including health status disparities; double burden of disease; quality, equity and affordability of health services; community protection in the field of medicine and food; and clean and healthy life behavior. Methods: The method used in this short communication is descriptive-comparative where we review Safety Culture in Indonesian Health Services in five aspects, namely Health Services for the Poor, nutritional problems that are never complete, Extraordinary Events of Communicable Diseases, Poor health in Disaster areas, and finally the number of health workers still lacking and comparing the problem of Human Resources Health problems in Indonesia according to WHO (2011) and the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2009). Results: The results obtained in this brief communication are that we get new information in the form of problems encountered in Safety Culture in Indonesian Health Services, examples of cases that occur, policies taken by the government in handling them and the results obtained after the implementation of the policy. All of these are reviewed in five aspects. Conclusion: The conclusion we can take in this brief communication is that health problems that occur in Indonesia have not been resolved even though the government has implemented policies related to these problems but has not been resolved to date

THE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND VITAMIN D COMBINATION AS INHIBITOR TOWARD SALMONELLA TYPHI BACTERIA GROWTH IN VIVO

Objectives: The prevalence of typhoid fever was reportedly high, especially in the Asian continent, as many as 80% of cases came from slums inBangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Due to many cases of antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever, various effortshave been made by combining antibiotic therapy or active compounds with adjuvants and herbs. Curcumin is an active compound found in manyherbal plants, especially in the Asian Continent. Curcumin has an antimicrobial effect, presumably due to its ability to bind Vitamin D receptors (VDR)as a potential ligand. This condition increases the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides and eradicates bacteria. Vitamin D will definitelybind to VDR as well; on this basis, this study wants to prove the effect of the combination of curcumin and Vitamin D therapy in inhibiting the growthof Salmonella typhi.Methods: This study is a true experimental pre- and post-test design using colony calculation method to investigate the effectiveness of curcumin andVitamin D in suppressing the growth of S. typhi bacteria in peritoneal fluid male mice strain balb/c. Mice were divided into five groups randomly, namely,the negative control groups, Group I (curcumin 200 mg/BB/day), Group II (curcumin 400 mg/BB/day), and Group III (curcumin 200 mg/BB/day andVitamin D 200 IU/day), and the positive control groups (antibiotic levofloxacin). The intervention was carried out for 5 days. After the 5th day, micewere then maintained for 3 weeks to determine the amount of colony growth in the post-intervention period.Results: The comparison of the results between each group gave significance in the average number of bacterial colonies of intraperitoneal fluid.Each group gave a significant difference of <0.05. Curcumin has an activity as an antimicrobial, the higher the dose, the greater the number of bacteriainhibited growth. After curcumin therapy, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 5 days, a decrease in the number of bacterial colonies in the intraperitonealfluid was found. This study concluded that curcumin has an antimicrobial effect on S. typhi. The groups with combination therapy of Vitamin D andcurcumin intervention also gave the same results. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the combination of curcumin and Vitamin D is able to inhibit the growth of S. typhi bacteria, even upto 30 days after infection

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SAPODILLA FRUIT EXTRACT INHIBITING SALMONELLA TYPHI ON MICE BALB/c

Objective: The aim of this study was to see the effectiveness of brown manila extract in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi Thy1 bacteria inperitoneal fluid male mice strain BALB/c.Methods: We use manila extract which has been obtained from the extraction of the maceration method and uses the plate count agar (PCA) methodto calculate the number of colonies after conducting bacterial culture before and after the intervention.Results: The results obtained were a significant decrease of bacterial colonies after administration of manila extract 510 mg/kgBW value p=0.009 andextract of brown manila 750 mg/kgBB value p=0.007.Conclusion: Giving extract of mano manila 510 mg/kgBB and 750 mg/kgBB has effectiveness in suppressing the growth of S. typhi Thy1

Prinsip Keselamatan Pasien di IGD Tinjauan Teori HRO (High Reliability Organization)

Latar Belakang: Keselamatan pasien di IGD merupakan tantangan utama bagi perawat yang bertugas di ruang gawat darurat karena dituntut untuk bekerja cepat sambil tetap menjalankan prosedur medis di IGD. Teori HRO digunakan untuk menguji sejauh mana kinerja perawat IGD dalam keselamatan perawatan pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat seberapa andal perawat di IGD dalam keselamatan perawatan pasien melalui pertanyaan yang dibuat berdasarkan lima prinsip HRO. Metode: Desain kualitatif dimana peneliti mengumpulkan data primer dari informasi yang diperoleh melalui instrumen skype peneliti melakukan wawancara langsung dengan responden menggunakan pertanyaan yang diadopsi dari teori HRO yang dikembangkan oleh Karl Managing the Unexpected. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kinerja perawat IGD masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi karena masih banyak hal yang dapat menjadi indikator keselamatan pasien di IGD. Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa teori HRO dapat digunakan untuk menguji sejauh mana kinerja perawat di IGD ditinjau dari safety for patient care

High Reliability Organization in Medical Technology in Health Service

Introduction: Medical technology in health services is often regarded as a solution to the quality of health services. This is because medical technology is considered a solution in reducing errors in medical decision-making. Technology in the world of health aims to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in medical services. The purpose of doing this research is to find out how the benefits of HRO theory are in realizing work safety in hospitals. Methods: This research used a qualitative design for collecting the data from information obtained through the skype instrument. The number of respondents in this study was 15 respondents where 1 respondent was a pilot respondent who was interviewed early to develop questions that approached the HRO theory developed. Results: The purpose of this research is to see how reliable emergency room nurses in hospitals in the safety of patient care through questions created based on five basic principles of high-reliability organization. Safety programs in health services are developed through high-reliability organization theory and are used to enhance safety culture and guide organizations in Indonesia to learn from mistakes that have occurred but these cannot be measured as numbers. Conclusion: High reliability organizations can assist in a comprehensive approach to assisting health service organizations in providing effective and reliable services and interventions. By using the principles in high reliability organization, an organization can take valid steps to support the sustainability of a system free from errors

Adiponectin and Its Role in Inflammatory Process of Obesity

Obesity is a chronic, low degree systemic inflammatory status. Microarray examination shows a disturbance in the expression of cytokine, chemokine, complementary protein and half of the other acute phase components in obese patients. Adiponectin is the hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, while its level decreases under condition of fatty tissue enlargement that occurs in obesity. Excessive weight causes the adipocyte cells and adipose tissues produce various types of mediators. The inflammatory process is the main cause of metabolic diseases, and the main role of adipose tissue in the inflammatory process is determined by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin works on macrophage and monocyte to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Adiponectin reduces induction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 endothelial adhesion by TNF-α or resistin. In obese patients, it is characterized by resistance to adiponectin alongside a decrease and the possibility of adiponectin loss in the receptor population in liver and muscles, leading to low adiponectin level.Keywords: adiponectin, obesity, inflammatio

Efektifitas Ekstrak Buah Sawo Manila (Achras Zapota L.) terhadap Salmonella Typhi dengan Metode Agar Difus

Latar Belakang: Demam tifoid adalah infeksi sistemik akibat Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (S. typhi). Pada tahun 2004 S. typhi diperkirakan menginfeksi 21,7 juta orang dan menyebabkan 217.000 kematian di seluruh dunia. Insidensi tinggi demam tifoid (>100 kasus/100.000 populasi/tahun) ditemukan di Asia Selatan, Asia Tenggara, dan Afrika Selatan, sebanyak 80% kasus berasal dari area kumuh di Bangladesh, Cina, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, dan Vietnam. Tujuan: Untuk Mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak buah sawo manila (Achras zapota L.) terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan metode agar difus dengan mengetahui sensitivitas Salmonella typhi penyebab demam tifoid terhadap buah sawo manila dalam menekan pertumbuhan bakteri dan mengukur zona hambat ekstrak buah sawo manila terhadap Salmonella typhi dalam menekan pertumbuhan bakteri. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian true experimental post test dengan menggunakan metode disc diffusion untuk melihat efektivitas ekstrak buah sawo manila (Achras zapota L.). Hasil: Dari konsentrasi 100%, 200% dan 400% di dapatkan dari sawo manila yang diencerkan menggunakan DMSO bahwa pada konsentrasi 100% didapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk dengan interpretasi resisten, 200% didapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk dengan interpretasi intermediet dan 400% didapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk dengan interpretasi sensitif, terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi

Adiponectin and Its Role in Inflammatory Process of Obesity

Obesity is a chronic, low degree systemic inflammatory status. Microarray examination shows a disturbance in the expression of cytokine, chemokine, complementary protein and half of the other acute phase components in obese patients. Adiponectin is the hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, while its level decreases under condition of fatty tissue enlargement that occurs in obesity. Excessive weight causes the adipocyte cells and adipose tissues produce various types of mediators. The inflammatory process is the main cause of metabolic diseases, and the main role of adipose tissue in the inflammatory process is determined by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin works on macrophage and monocyte to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Adiponectin reduces induction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 endothelial adhesion by TNF-α or resistin. In obese patients, it is characterized by resistance to adiponectin alongside a decrease and the possibility of adiponectin loss in the receptor population in liver and muscles, leading to low adiponectin level.Keywords: adiponectin, obesity, inflammatio

Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in Indonesia and South East Asian countries: GLASS Data 2018

Antimicrobial resistance is the rising global health issue that should not be ignored. This problem needs to be addressed and professionally handled since it is starting to threaten global health, which eventually could lead to disaster. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria were found threatening lives, since most antibiotics were found to not be effective in treating patients with infections caused by those bacteria. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the two most reported bacteria in causing the bacteremia and nosocomial infections worldwide. In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in causing blood stream and urinary tract infections in Indonesia were compared to the neighboring countries based on the global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system performed worldwide by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Indonesia and its neighboring countries were assayed and compared in order to evaluate the antimicrobial resistances. By comparing the prevalence data to the neighboring countries, some insightful evidence and information was served to support improved health in Indonesia. Some hurdles and strategies in combating the antimicrobial resistances were further discussed. Eventually, an alternate solution to overcome the antimicrobial drug resistance should be well-provided, studied and implemented globally