Model the System from Adversary Viewpoint: Threats Identification and Modeling

Security attacks are hard to understand, often expressed with unfriendly and limited details, making it difficult for security experts and for security analysts to create intelligible security specifications. For instance, to explain Why (attack objective), What (i.e., system assets, goals, etc.), and How (attack method), adversary achieved his attack goals. We introduce in this paper a security attack meta-model for our SysML-Sec framework, developed to improve the threat identification and modeling through the explicit representation of security concerns with knowledge representation techniques. Our proposed meta-model enables the specification of these concerns through ontological concepts which define the semantics of the security artifacts and introduced using SysML-Sec diagrams. This meta-model also enables representing the relationships that tie several such concepts together. This representation is then used for reasoning about the knowledge introduced by system designers as well as security experts through the graphical environment of the SysML-Sec framework.Comment: In Proceedings AIDP 2014, arXiv:1410.322

Trends in Polarisation in Pakistan

This study analyses the trends in polarisation in Pakistan, in its rural and urban segments and its provinces, at the micro level during the period 1992-93 to 2001-02. Estimations are made by using the Bossert-Schworm measure (2006). The study finds fluctuating trends. In general, polarisation declined in all regions of Pakistan during 1996-97 and 2001-02, while 1998-99 is the period of maximum polarisation. Incorporating the household size reduces the extent of polarisation, implying that ignoring the household size overestimates polarisation. The comparison of trends in polarisation and income inequality shows that generally the trends in inequality and polarisation are similar.Polarisation, Income Inequality, Poverty, Welfare

Preparation and Characterization of Lithium-Based Solid State Battery Materials

Three different cathodes such as LiMn204, LiCo02 and Li2NigOlO were synthesized by the sol-gel technique The said materials at low temperature were achieved through the low temperature technique The X-ray diffraction study of the compounds confirmed the formation of single-phase compound at higher calcination temperature At low temperatures the X-ray diffractogram of the samples showed the presence of low intensity diffraction lines with weak impurities indicating the existence of crystallinity but these were not indexed to any kind of impurities of LiMn20-+ LiCoOz and LizNisOlO The formation temperatures of the compounds were analyzed using DTA. The DTA studies showed clearly the lowest formation temperature and this formation temperature depends upon the gelating agent used 111 the present study The lowest formation temperatures recorded were 208°C for LiMn20-+, 201°C for LiCo02 and 214°C for LjzNisOlO The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the compounds were stable up to 800 °c The EDAX analysis was performed for the compounds to identify the purity of the compounds The EDAX spectrum showed that there was no impurity pI esent in the compounds It ascertained the formation of single-phase compounds by XRD Because of low atomic weight lithium could not be detected other than that the EDAX showed the presence of the respective atoms The particle size distribution of the compounds showed that the particles were distributed in large volume The particle diameter increased with the increase of calcination temperature Grinding reduced the large volume distribution and the particle diameter After grinding by mortar and pestle hand grinder, the particle size was reduced much and the distribution was narrowed down, thereby the surface area of the particle was increased The SEM analysis also confirmed the sub-micron size reduction and the distribution was narrowed down, thereby the surface area of the particle was increased The compounds were used as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries The battery analysis showed that the capacities of the LiMn20, LiCo02 and Li2NisOIO were 10 mAh , 24 mAh and 5 mAh respectivel

Trends in Inequality, Welfare, and Growth in Pakistan, 1963-64 to 2004-05

The present study investigates the trends in inequality, welfare, and growth based on per capita household income/consumption in Pakistan, both its rural and urban areas, from 1963-64 to 2004-05. It employs Gini coefficient to measure inequalities and the Sen welfare index to estimate welfare. Real per capita mean incomes/consumption are worked out to analyse growth. The study finds fluctuating trends in inequality, and rising trends in both welfare and growth. In general, inequality, welfare, and growth remain higher in the urban areas. The study finds income inequality to be more severe as compared to consumption inequality.Income Distribution, welfare, Per Capita Income, Gini Coefficient, Pakistan

Osteochondral grafting of knee joint using mosaicplasty

Focal cartilage defects of articular surface-traumatic and degenerative are difficult to treat, thus a variety of surgical techniques have been developed and reported for treatment of such defects. Procedures such as Priddies perforations, microfracture, abrasion chondroplasty have shown long-term results which are often less than adequate. One of the reasons is that all these techniques lead to the formation of fibrocartilage which has inferior mechanical properties as compared to the native hyaline cartilage. Mosaicplasty is a procedure which aims at replacing the lost articular cartilage with hyaline cartilage including underlying bone support, thus providing adequate stability to the cartilage and better cartilage/bone integration. A young man underwent this procedure for recalcitrant knee pain at our institution. At 2 years follow-up, his knee pain has significantly improved. We hereby present medium term results (2 years) of this first case report in local literature

Biomarkers for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and endometriosis

Gynecological disorders are leading public health problems in developing countries with substantial impact on women&#39;s quality of life. Significant proportion of maternal mortality and reproductive morbidity is attributed to misdiagnosis andmismanagement of pregnancy related lethal pathological conditions and affect women&#39;s health. Timely diagnosis is necessary to prevent maternal deaths and to manage complications. Biomarker development will create a wide window of opportunity for early diagnosis. This review discusses the current status of biomarkers and recent advances in &#39;omics&#39; technology for early screening of endometriosis and pre-eclampsia because of significant global bioburden associated with these disorders. This review will also give baseline data for future biomarker development strategies.</p