Metasurface-Enabled Multifunctional Single-Frequency Sensors without External Power

IoT sensors are crucial for visualizing multidimensional and multimodal information and enabling future IT applications/services such as cyber-physical space, digital twins, autonomous driving, smart cities, and virtual/augmented reality (VR or AR). However, IoT sensors need to be battery-free to realistically manage and maintain the growing number of available sensing devices. Here, we provide a novel sensor design approach that employs metasurfaces to enable multifunctional sensing without requiring an external power source. Importantly, unlike existing metasurface-based sensors, our metasurfaces can sense multiple physical parameters even at a fixed frequency by breaking classic harmonic oscillations in the time domain, making the proposed sensors viable for usage with limited frequency resources. Moreover, we provide a method for predicting physical parameters using the machine learning-based approach of random forest regression. The sensing performance was confirmed by estimating temperature and light intensity, and excellent determination coefficients larger than 0.96 were achieved. Our study affords new opportunities for sensing multiple physical properties without relying on an external power source or needing multiple frequencies, which markedly simplifies and facilitates the design of next-generation wireless communication systems.Comment: 47 pages, 23 figure

Propagating Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states encoded in an optical oscillator

A quantum computer with low-error, high-speed quantum operations and capability for interconnections is required for useful quantum computations. A logical qubit called Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit in a single Bosonic harmonic oscillator is efficient for mitigating errors in a quantum computer. The particularly intriguing prospect of GKP qubits is that entangling gates as well as syndrome measurements for quantum error correction only require efficient, noise-robust linear operations. To date, however, GKP qubits have been only demonstrated at mechanical and microwave frequency in a highly nonlinear physical system. The physical platform that naturally provides the scalable linear toolbox is optics, including near-ideal loss-free beam splitters and near-unit efficiency homodyne detectors that allow to obtain the complete analog syndrome for optimized quantum error correction. Additional optical linear amplifiers and specifically designed GKP qubit states are then all that is needed for universal quantum computing. In this work, we realize a GKP state in propagating light at the telecommunication wavelength and demonstrate homodyne meausurements on the GKP states for the first time without any loss corrections. Our GKP states do not only show non-classicality and non-Gaussianity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, but unlike the existing schemes with stationary qubits, they are realizable in a propagating wave system. This property permits large-scale quantum computation and interconnections, with strong compatibility to optical fibers and 5G telecommunication technology.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Research on anxieties faced by students planning to enter university : report 4 years after the introduction of " Questionaire on university life support

departmental bulletin pape

Circulating tumor cell count during zoledronic acid treatment in men with metastatic prostate cancer: a pilot study

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that zoledronic acid (ZOL) significantly prolongs survival in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. This pilot study investigated the influence of ZOL on circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts in prostate cancer patients in association with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) used as a serum biomarker. Methods: Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who were CTC-positive (n=4) were enrolled in treatment with ZOL between April 2012 and December 2013. CTCs were detected using the Cell Search System. The study evaluated CTC fluctuations at 1, 2, and 3 months versus baseline, as well as patient outcomes and adverse events. Results: Two patients showed evidence of temporally decreased CTCs after ZOL treatment. Instead of decreasing the number of CTCs, the PSA level did not go down during the ZOL treatment. One patient could not undergo ZOL treatment due to rapid disease progression. Conclusions: Although CTC count arguably provides useful information about patients undergoing ZOL treatment, the positive influence of ZOL may be limited to temporary effects for CRPC

Enhanced Electric Double-Layer Capacitance by Desolvation of Lithium Ions in Confined Nanospaces of Microporous Carbon

Carbon electrodes with specific microporous structures are strongly desired to improve the performance of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). We report solvated states of Li ions in confined carbon micropores affecting specific capacitance. The average Li⁺ solvation number of 1 M LiClO₄/propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte introduced into porous carbon electrodes was determined using Raman spectroscopy and ⁷Li NMR. Micropores with slightly larger pore size against the solvated molecules and the narrow two-dimensional spaces decreased the solvation number, enhancing specific capacitance. Hence, specific carbon morphology may be related to high EDL capacitance, and micropore structure is important in obtaining highly capacitive EDLC materials