Accuracy of LED-FM and ZN method in direct and decontaminated smears.

<p>LED-FM = Light emitting diode-fluorescence microscopy, ZN = Ziehl-Neelsen, CI = confidence interval.</p

ROC curve for LED-FM.

<p>The optimal threshold for sensitivity and specificity of LED-FM was assessed using ROC analysis. Maximum area under the curve (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.92) was obtained at threshold of ≥2 AFB/length (sensitivity 75,5%, specificity 90,0%,). ROC = receiver operating characteristic, LED-FM =  Light emitting diode-fluorescence microscopy, AFB = Acid Fast Bacilli, CI = confidence interval.</p

Accuracy of LED-FM and ZN in two study groups.

<p>LED-FM = Light emitting diode-fluorescence microscopy, ZN = Ziehl-Neelsen, PPV = positive predictive value, NPV = negative predictive value, CI = confidence interval.</p

Characteristics of patients according to microbiological diagnosis.

<p>Patients with combined TB-toxoplasmosis (n = 5), combined TB-Cryptococcus (n = 2), and no definite diagnosis (n = 14) were excluded from the table. Data are presented as no. of patients/no. evaluated (%) unless stated otherwise.</p><p>GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale.</p>*<p>significantly different: TB vs. toxoplasmosis (p = .01); cryptococcosis vs. toxoplasmosis (p = .02).</p>**<p>significantly different: TB vs. toxoplasmosis (p = .03), cryptococcosis vs. toxoplasmosis (p = .02).</p>***<p>CD4 cell counts were only available for 16 patients with definite diagnoses.</p

Kaplan Meier survival estimates.

<p>Patients with available long term follow up data: Toxoplasmosis (n = 14), Cryptococcosis (n = 13), TB meningitis (n = 14), no diagnosis (n = 13).</p

Sensitivity of the NS1 antigen test according to diagnosis category and clinical variables in secondary dengue cases.

<p>Sensitivity of the NS1 antigen test according to diagnosis category and clinical variables in secondary dengue cases.</p

CSF characteristics according to causative pathogen.

<p>CSF cell count (A), protein concentration (B) and CSF∶blood glucose ratio (C) for cases with confirmed toxoplasmosis (•), crypotoccococis (▪), and tuberculosis (<b>▴</b>). Toxo = toxoplasmosis; crypto = cryptococcosis; TB = TB meningitis.</p

Line list of all patients.

<p>M = male; F = female; pos = positive; neg = negative; n/a = not available.</p>*<p>cell numbers are in cells/mL; protein in mg/dL; glucose ratio = CSF glucose∶blood glucose.</p>**<p>TB-toxo = tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis, TB-crypto = tuberculosis and cryptococcosis.</p>φ<p>toxoplasmosis, based on toxoplasma PCR;</p>ε<p>TB meningitis, based on either culture or real time PCR;</p>ν<p>cryptococcosis based on either direct staing, culture, or antigen testing.</p

Comparison of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> culture and IS<i>6110</i>-PCR results among 207 TB meningitis patients.

<p>Comparison of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> culture and IS<i>6110</i>-PCR results among 207 TB meningitis patients.</p

CSF and clinical characteristics of 166 HIV-negative patients with suspected TB-meningitis according to culture and PCR-result.

<p>Three culture negative/PCR positive patients were not included because microscopy was positive. PMN = polymorphonuclear cell, MN = mononuclear cell, IQR = interquartile range.</p