Children of MZ +DZ twin mothers: Analyses of association between mother’s level of anxiety as well as her twin sister’s levels and asthma in the child as reported in questionnaires and recorded in registers.

1<p>Breathlessness reported by child was only available for study 2.</p>2<p>At least two purchases of asthma medication, except oral beta-2-agonists, on different days July 2005– December 2009.</p>3<p>Maternal anxiety assessed with BAI was only available for study 2.</p>4<p>Spearman’s correlation coefficient between twin sisters (continuous scale) is 0.30 for BAI; 0.33 for Somatic anxiety; 0.34 for Psychic anxiety.</p><p>All analyses adjusted for mother’s education, maternal smoking at time of the study, maternal asthma, sex and age of the child, preterm birth, birth weight and caesarean section.</p

Descriptive data of the study population.

<p>NA = not available, i.e. questions not included in the questionnaire, Q₁ = 1^st quartile, Q₃ = 3^rd quartile.</p>1<p>Not available for pregnancies before 1982.</p>A<p>Same sex female twin pairs born 1926–1966.</p>B<p>Same sex female and male twin pairs born 1944–1971.</p>C<p>Each twin was living together with a partner in a long-term relationship. The adolescent child was 11–22 years old and was living together with the parents. The cousins were the same sex and not more than 4 years apart in age.</p

Percentage of reported asthma and breathlessness, register based asthma diagnosis and medication by level of reported maternal anxiety in a cross-sectional twin study.

1<p>Maternal anxiety assessed with BAI was only available for study 2.</p>2<p>Breathlessness reported by child was only available for study 2.</p>3<p>At least two purchases of asthma medication, except oral beta-2-agonists, on different days July 2005– December 2009.</p

Crude and adjusted analyses of association between level of maternal anxiety and offspring asthma as reported in questionnaires and recorded in registers.

1<p>Maternal anxiety assessed with BAI was only available for study 2.</p>2<p>Breathlessness reported by child was only available for study 2.</p>3<p>At least two purchases of asthma medication, except oral beta-2-agonists, on different days July 2005– December 2009.</p>4<p>Adjusted for mother’s education, maternal smoking at time of the study, maternal asthma, sex and age of the child, preterm birth, birth weight and caesarean section.</p>5<p>Sample sizes for crude/adjusted analyses.</p

Flow chart of the cross-sectional TOSS studies one (1997–1998) and two (2003–2004).

<p>Flow chart of the cross-sectional TOSS studies one (1997–1998) and two (2003–2004).</p