Berberine in the Medicinal Plant of Tali Kuning (Tinospora Dissitiflora Diels)

Two different approaches have been used to determine the bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant of Tali kuning (Tinospora dissitiflora Diels). Firstly, the conventional approach using column chromatography (CC), and preparative thin layer chromatography (PLC) eluted with benzene:ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:1, and 5:4:2, respectively), followed by CC eluted with benzene:methanol (3:2) were used to separate and isolate berberine from the chloroform fraction of Tali kuning. Structural elucidations of the isolated compounds were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Secondly, a rapid and simple approach use the integrated intensities of proton signals for H-13 and H-8 of berberine on 1H-NMR spectra, then the qualitative and quantitative determination of berberine in Tali kuning can be achieved directly from the crude extracts using 1H-NMR. The proton signals for H-13 and H-8 of berberine on 1H-NMR spectra, which appeared at empty regions as singlet, and without interference from the other signals, were available for qualitative determination of berberine. Whereas, the integrated intensity of proton signal for H-13 on 1H-NMR spectrum was used for quantitative determination of berberine. Berberine content of Tali kuning was calculated manually based on the integrated intensity of proton H-13 from the authentic berberine chloride, which was 18.6 mg/g based on the weight of air-dried wood meal. This berberine content was comparable to that (22.78 mg/g) of Amur corktree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr), which is widely acknowledged for good producer of berberine

Significant Feeding Deterrent of Berberine From Tali Kuning(Tinospora Dissitiflora Diels) Against Two Subterranean Termites Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes Speratus Kolbe

Antifeedant activities of berberine isolated from the chloroform fraction of Tali kuning (Tinospora dissitiflora Diels) were evaluated against two subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe, respectively. The chloroform fraction of methanol extracts of Tali kuning and authentic berberine chloride were used for comparison. Three replicates and levels of concentrations, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml, respectively, were employed. Filtepapers treated with three chemical substances were used to evaluate the mass losses of the filter paper consumed by the termites, and filter papers treated only with MeOH were used for control. Mass loss (MS), termite mortality (TM) and antifeedant index (AFI) were used to determine the antifeedant variables. The results indicated that regardless of three chemical substances tested, the MS recorded from C. formosanus Shiraki were 2.87 times higher than those of R. speratus Kolbe, and among three levels concentration, 50 mg/ml gave the lowest MS (2.13%). Authentic berberine chloride gave the highest TM (99%), followed by chloroform fraction (88%) and berberine (73%). Interestingly, all antifeedant variables employed in this study gave AFI values less than 20%, indicating significant feeding deterrent activity against two subterranean termites