Nonprofit Business Plan Development: From Vision, Mission and Values to Implementation

Describes steps for nonprofit planning, with sections that cover organizational assessment, vision and mission statements, goal-setting, and plan implementation

Revista complutense de educación

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe lleva a cabo una revisión general del procedimiento cloze, procedimiento que es ampliamente conocido y utilizado como instrumento de evaluación de la lectura en los países de habla inglesa pero que apenas es conocido y empleado en España. Dicha revisión hace referencia tanto a los aspectos metodológicos relacionados con dicho procedimiento como a los distintos usos para los que puede emplearse en el campo de la evaluación de la lectura.ES

Additional file 1 of Mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in number in response to synovitis and display more tissue-reparative phenotypes in osteoarthritis

Additional file 1. Fig. S1 Synovitis subscores. Fig. S2 Histological evaluation of a bone marrow lesion (BML) and its association with the numbers and areas of colonies. (A) Representative images of subchondral bone stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (B) BML score (n = 6). *p < 0.05 by the Mann–Whitney U test between the sham and pMx groups (black asterisks). *p < 0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis/Steel tests between the intact and pMx groups (orange asterisks). (C) Scatterplot of the BML scores and colony numbers or colony areas. The p values were calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation and adjusted using Bonferroni’s correction method. Fig. S3 Histological evaluation of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) fibrosis area and its association with the numbers and areas of colonies. (A) Representative images of IFP stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (B) IFP fibrosis area (n = 6). *p < 0.05 by the Mann–Whitney U test between the sham and pMx groups (black asterisks). *p < 0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis/Steel tests between the intact and pMx groups (orange asterisks). (C) Scatterplot of the BML scores and colony numbers or colony areas. The p values were calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation and adjusted using Bonferroni’s correction method. Fig. S4 Association of immunostaining quantification of synovium with the numbers and areas of colonies. (A) Scatterplot of the CD68-positive areas in synovial tissues and colony numbers or colony areas. (B) Scatterplot of the CD73 and ZO-1 positive areas in synovial tissues and colony numbers. Fig. S5 Immunohistochemical evaluation of the synovium. (A) Representative images of CD80 and CD206 staining. (B) Quantification of the positive areas of the immunostained cells (n = 6). *p < 0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis/Steel tests between the intact and pMx groups (orange asterisks). Fig. S6 Immunofluorescence of the synovium. (A) Representative images of negative control tissues stained with Alexa488 (green), Alexa555 (red), and DAPI (blue). (B) Representative images of CD44 (green) and CD73 (red) staining. (C) Representative images of CD271 (green) and CD73 (red) staining. Fig. S7 Flow cytometry analysis of synovial tissues from intact knees and from knees 4 weeks after sham or pMx surgery. Fig. S8 Expression patterns of genes associated with cell proliferation and the inflammatory response in the intact and pMx groups. Fig. S9 The top 15 gene ontology (GO) biological processes showing greater upregulation in the sham group than in the intact group

Stem cells in degenerative orthopaedic pathologies: effects of aging on therapeutic potential

© 2015 European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA) Purpose: The purpose of this study was to summarize the current evidence on the use of stem cells in the elderly population with degenerative orthopaedic pathologies and to highlight the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind today’s therapeutic challenges in stem cell-based regeneration of destructed tissues in the elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA), degenerative disc disease (DDD), and tendinopathies.Methods: Clinical and basic science studies that report the use of stem cells in the elderly patients with OA, DDD, and tendinopathies were identified using a PubMed search. The studies published in English have been assessed, and the best and most recent evidence was included in the current study. Results: Evidence suggests that, although short-term results regarding the effects of stem cell therapy in degenerative orthopaedic pathologies can be promising, stem cell therapies do not appear to reverse age-related tissue degeneration. Causes of suboptimal outcomes can be attributed to the decrease in the therapeutic potential of aged stem cell populations and the regenerative capacity of these cells, which might be negatively influenced in an aged microenvironment within the degenerated tissues of elderly patients with OA, DDD, and tendinopathies. Conclusions: Clinical protocols guiding the use of stem cells in the elderly patient population are still under development, and high-level randomized controlled trials with long-term outcomes are lacking. Understanding the consequences of age-related changes in stem cell function and responsiveness of the in vivo microenvironment to stem cells is critical when designing cell-based therapies for elderly patients with degenerative orthopaedic pathologies

TNFα promotes proliferation of human synovial MSCs while maintaining chondrogenic potential

<div><p>Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a candidate cell source for cartilage and meniscus regeneration. If we can proliferate synovial MSCs more effectively, we can expand clinical applications to patients with large cartilage and meniscus lesions. TNFα is a pleiotropic cytokine that can affect the growth and differentiation of cells in the body. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of TNFα on proliferation, chondrogenesis, and other properties of human synovial MSCs. Passage 1 human synovial MSCs from 2 donors were cultured with 2.5 x 10⁻¹²~10⁻⁷ g/ml, 10 fold dilution series of TNFα for 14 days, then the cell number and colony number was counted. The effect of the optimum dose of TNFα on proliferation was also examined in synovial MSCs from 6 donors. Chondrogenic potential of synovial MSCs pretreated with TNFα was evaluated in 6 donors. The expressions of 12 surface antigens were also examined in 3 donors.2.5 ng/ml and higher concentration of TNFα significantly increased cell number/dish and cell number/colony in both donors. The effect of 25 ng/ml TNFα was confirmed in all 6 donors. There was no significant difference in the weight, or amount of glycosaminoglycan and DNA of the cartilage pellets between the MSCs untreated and MSCs pretreated with 25 ng/ml TNFα. TNFα decreased expression rate of CD 105 and 140b in all 3 donors. TNFα promoted proliferation of synovial MSCs with increase of cell number/ colony. Pretreatment with TNFα did not affect chondrogenesis of synovial MSCs. However, TNFα affected some properties of synovial MSCs.</p></div

Comparison of chondrogenic potential of synovial MSCs pretreated with or without TNFα.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs pretreated with 25 ng/ml TNFα or without TNFα (Control) were harvested, pelleted, and cultured in the chondrogenic medium without TNFα for 21 days. (B) Macroscopic and histological features of cartilage pellets. For histology, the sections were stained with safranin-o (C) Diameter and weight of the cartilage pellets. Average values are shown (n = 6, *p<0.05 by Wilcoxon signed-ranks test).</p

The effect of 25 ng/ml TNFα on proliferation of synovial MSCs.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs were cultured with 2.5 x 10^-8g/ml TNFα or without TNFα (Control) for 14 days. (B) Representative dishes stained with crystal violet (6 donors). (C) Representative cell colonies stained with crystal violet. Cell number/dish, colony number/dish, and cell number/colony. Average values are shown (n = 6, *p<0.05 by Wilcoxon signed-ranks test).</p

Surface antigen expression of synovial MSCs treated with TNFα.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs were cultured with or without TNFα (Control) for 14 days for flow cytometry analysis. (B) Surface epitope expression. Average values are shown (n = 3).</p

Comparison of adipogenic and calcification potential of synovial MSCs pretreated with or without TNFα.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs were pretreated with 25 ng/ml TNFα or without TNFα (Control) for 14 days, then the medium was changed and the cells were cultured in adipogenic medium or calcification medium for further 21 days. (B) Representative cells stained with oil red-o for adipogenesis. (C) Representative cells stained with alizarin red for calcification.</p

Additional file 3: of High-sensitivity virus and mycoplasma screening test reveals high prevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in human synovial tissues and bone marrow

Table S2. Primer and probe sequence of nested PCR analysis and sequencing for parvovirus B19 virus genome. (DOCX 14 kb