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Dried Saliva Spot (DSS) as a Convenient and Reliable Sampling for Bioanalysis: An Application for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
This paper proposes the dried saliva
spot (DSS) as a convenient
sampling technique for bioanalysis. The analytical method with the
DSS was used for the determination of d,l-lactic
acid (d,l-LA) and the d/l ratio
of diabetic patients and prediabetic persons for the simple screening
of the disease. The d,l-LA in the DSS was labeled
with a chiral reagent (DMT-3Â(<i>S</i>)-Apy) for carboxylic
acids and determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The limits of detection (signal-to-noise
ratio (S/N) = 3) for the DSS analysis were on the amol level (∼30
amol). Because good stability, recovery, accuracy, and precision of
the d,l-LA for the DSS method was also obtained
from the proposed procedure, the DSS method was applied to the determination
of the d- and l-isomers of LA of diabetic patients,
and prediabetic and healthy persons. The d/l-LA
ratio by the present DSS method and the HbA1c value in blood were
well-correlated to the serious diabetic patients, whereas the relation
in the prediabetic persons was not very good. The reason seems to
be due to the rough saliva sampling, and not to the DSS method, because
strict regulation was not requested for the prediabetic and healthy
persons. In order to have a successful DSS analysis, the stability
of the target molecule, the detection sensitivity to the target molecule,
and the validated determination method are important