Breakfast habits among adolescents and their association with daily energy and fish, vegetable, and fruit intake : A community-based cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To investigate breakfast eating habits on daily energy and fish, vegetable, and fruit intake in Japanese adolescents. METHODS: This study was completed as part of the Shunan Child Health Cohort Study. Two types of questionnaires, one on lifestyle habits and the other a brief-type, self-administered questionnaire on diet history, were administered to second-year junior high school students (1,876 boys and 1,759 girls) in Shunan City, Yamaguchi, Japan. The different breakfast habits were compared using the general linear model and the estimated means and P value for trend were calculated, with energy-adjusted food intake as the dependent variable and body mass index, gender, age, residential areas, and living status as covariates. RESULTS: In both males and females, the proportion of those who ate breakfast irregularly was about 10%. The daily intake of fish, vegetables, and fruit was significantly higher in those who ate breakfast with their guardians than in those who ate breakfast alone (P for trend <0.01). The daily intake of fish, seafood, and vegetables was significantly higher in those who less frequently ate cooked foods for breakfast (P for trend <0.01). Those who ate rice more frequently than bread at breakfast had a higher daily intake of fish, seafood, and vegetables (P for trend <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Eating breakfast with the family, reducing the intake of cooked foods at breakfast, and eating breakfast with rice as a main staple food are suggested to contribute to an improved quality of diet in adolescents

Initial ‘TTP Map-Defect’ of Computed Tomography Perfusion as a Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) following acute ischemic stroke is a major problem, especially for the indication of reperfusion therapy including intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA). The specific predictive factors of HT have not yet been established. The present study evaluated the findings of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) images as predictors of subsequent HT to identify patients with low HT risk for reperfusion therapy such as IV rt-PA. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 68 consecutive stroke patients (41 males; mean age 72.9 years) with steno-occlusive lesions in the major trunk, including 10 patients who underwent IV rt-PA. Each HT was detected on a follow-up T2*-weighted magnetic resonance image until 2 weeks after stroke onset and categorized into four groups [hemorrhagic infarction (HI) type 1 and 2, and parenchymal hematoma (PH) type 1 and 2] according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) classification. We assessed clinical features and radiological findings between the HT and non-HT groups or the PH2 and non-PH2 groups. The efficacy of initial time to peak (TTP) mapping of CTP for predicting HT or PH2 was evaluated. Results: Thirty-four patients (50%) developed subsequent HT: 18 (52.9%) had HI and 16 (47.1%) had PH, including 9 PH2 patients (13.2%). IV rt-PA was not significantly associated with HT or PH2 occurrence. Forty of the 68 patients (59%) revealed defect areas on the initial TTP mapping (TTP map-defect), and 34 of these 40 patients (85%) developed secondary HT and 9 patients (22.5%) developed PH2. Initial ‘TTP map-defect’ was significantly associated with the occurrence of HT (p Conclusions: Initial ‘TTP map-defect’ of CTP could accurately predict HT risk including PH2 risk and identify low-risk patients even in the delayed period