The Most General and Renormalizable Maximal Abelian Gauge

We construct the most general gauge fixing and the associated Faddeev-Popov ghost term for the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, which leaves the global U(1) gauge symmetry intact (i.e., the most general Maximal Abelian gauge). We show that the most general form involves eleven independent gauge parameters. Then we require various symmetries which help to reduce the number of independent parameters for obtaining the simpler form. In the simplest case, the off-diagonal part of the gauge fixing term obtained in this way is identical to the modified maximal Abelian gauge term with two gauge parameters which was proposed in the previous paper from the viewpoint of renormalizability. In this case, moreover, we calculate the beta function, anomalous dimensions of all fields and renormalization group functions of all gauge parameters in perturbation theory to one-loop order. We also discuss the implication of these results to obtain information on low-energy physics of QCD.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure

Induction of Cultured Cells from Tuberous Root of Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas L. cv. Benihayato)and Selection of a Stable and High Carotenoid-producing Strain

サツマイモ(栽培品種名:紅隼人)の塊根組織を,1μM2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),3.0%sucroseと0.2%GELRITEを加えたLinsmaier-Skoog(LS)の固体培地に置床し,光照明(12時間の明暗サイクル)の下で培養することにより,少量のカロテノイド色素(35μg/g-乾物)を生成する培養細胞を誘導することができた.この誘導された培養細胞から,小集塊選抜法を繰り返すことによって高カロテノイド色素生産株の選抜を行った.22回の選抜と継代培養によって得られた培養細胞は,もとの誘導培養細胞の8倍に相当する265μg/g-物のカロテイド色素を生産し,その増殖率(収穫された新鮮物重量と接種した新鮮重量の比)は選抜を行う前の培養時に比して約3.5倍に増加した.選抜によって得た高カロテノイド色素生産株を液体懸濁培養に供し,より高いカロテノイド色素の生産条件の検討を行った.その結果,1μM2,4-Dと3.0%Sucroseを添加したLS液体培地を用い,3,000lxの照明下で振盪するのが最適であり,この条件で得られる培養細胞のカロテノイド色素含有量は,材料に用いた植物組織の含有量(200～300μg/g-物)よりも高い385μg/g-物であった

Remnant extraterrestrial noble gases in Antarctic cosmic spherules

Noble gas abundances in Antarctic cosmic spherules collected from the Tottuki Point on the Soya Coast, Antarctica, are considerably lower than those reported in unmelted micrometeorites, indicating severe heating of the cosmic spherules during atmospheric entry. Although ^3He was below detection limits (2 X 10^ cm^3 STP) in most spherules, ^3He was detectable in three spherules and their ^3He/^4He ratios were close to those of unmelted micrometeorites. Ne and Ar abundances and isotopic compositions were determined for more than half of the spherules. Thirteen samples had high ^Ne/^Ne ratios, possibly reflecting the presence of cosmogenic ^Ne, although blank corrections could not be made for most samples due to the low Ne concentrations. Eight particles had ^Ar/^Ar ratios lower than the atmospheric value of 296, and five of them also had SEP (solar energetic particles)-like Ne, confirming their extraterrestrial origin. These spherules apparently preserve extraterrestrial noble gases in their interiors in spite of severe heating. Sample To440080 has ^Ar/^Ar ratio (566.3±14.8) higher than that of terrestrial atmosphere in spite of the presence of SEP-like Ne, indicating different source material from some spherules and micrometeorites. Extraterrestrial Ne and Ar were not identified in 22 of 31 analyzed spherules, although relative noble gas abundances of fifteen spherules were similar to those of unmelted micrometeorites and clearly distinguishable from terrestrial materials such as terrestrial basalt, air, and water, reflecting their extraterrestrial origin. Since noble gas abundances in Antarctic spherules can be explained as mixtures of solar and Q-components and the contribution of adsorption air is insignificant, a majority of these Antarctic spherules represent accreted extraterrestrial material and are not volcanic products

Changes in Carotenoid Pattern during Development of Gardenia Fruit

クチナシ果実中の主要色素であるクロシン(crocin:Digentiobiosyl 8,8’-diapocarotene-8,8'-dioate)の生合成についての知見を得ることを目的として,クチナシ果実の結実から完熟に至るまでの各発育段階におけるカロテノイド色素の含有量とその組成の変化を調べ,次の結果を得た. (1)肥大成長過程のクチナシ果実には殆どカロテノイド色素が認められず,成熟過程の開始後から生合成が始まり,完熟期にかけて急激な蓄積が起こった.そして,完熟期の乾燥果実は450mg%のカロテノイド色素を有していた. (2)成熟過程の何れの段階の果実にもβ-カロテンなどのC40-カロテノイドは少量しか含まれておらず,カロテノイド色素の大部分がクロシンを代表とするクロセチン(crocetin:8,8'-Diapocarotene-8,8'-dloic acid)の誘導体であった.そして,これらのクロセチン誘導体は何れも糖エステルであると推察された. (3)クチナシ果実の発育に伴うカロテノイド組成の変化を調べた結果から,クロセチン誘導体の幾つかは,クロシン生合成の中間前駆体であることが予想された

Marbles from Anan City decorating the historically important buildings in Japan

筆者らは2000年以降，徳島県産大理石の採掘に関する現地調査と聞き取り調査，ならびに歴史的建造物における使用例の調査を進めてきた。その結果，東京では，国会議事堂，国立博物館本館，文化庁（文部科学省旧館），大阪では，大阪倶楽部，新井ビル（旧報徳銀行大阪支店）の建物に使用されていることを確認した。また，大阪市中央公会堂に関しては，増改築の際に使用された記録はあるが，近年の修復に伴って撤去されていることを確認した。本稿では，口絵に示す阿南市産大理石の使用例を解説した

ニホン ノ レキシテキ ジュウヨウ ケンゾウブツ ニオケル トクシマケン アナンシサン ダイリセキ ノ シヨウ ト ソノ イギ

Since 2000, we have researched the use of marbles from Tokushima Prefecture for the Important Cultural Properties (Architecture) in Japan. Based on the geological field research of quarrying traces, identifications of lithology, hearings and the verifications, several kinds of marbles from Anan City area were used for the interior decorations of the Diet Building of Japan, Tokyo National Museum, Agency for Cultural Affairs (ex-Ministry of Education), Osaka Municipal Central Public Hall and so other architectures in Tokyo and Osaka. In addition to their use in the important buildings in Japan, the significance of research was discussed herein as well as the history of marble quarrying that has started late Edo period at least from 1861 for the basement constructions of the Tairyu-ji, one of the eighty-eight pilgrimage main temples in Anan Kamo-dani area

NMR study of the layered cobalt oxyphosphide Sr2Sc(Co1-xFex)PO3

We report the results of 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on the layered cobalt oxyphosphide Sr2Sc(Co1−xFex)PO3 in order to investigate the magnetic properties at low temperatures from a microscopic view point. The 31P-Knight shifts measured at the resonance peak maximum of Sr2Sc(Co1−xFex)PO3 have positive values and are T-independent in an entire temperature range, and the absolute value decreases with increasing Fe content. Also, the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 is almost proportional to the temperature at low temperatures. The magnitude of 1/T1T decreases with increasing the Fe content, which suggests the decrease of the density of states around the Fermi level

Magnetic Field–Temperature Phase Diagram of Fine YBa2Cu3O7−δ Ceramics from Linear and Non-linear Resistivities

We performed linear and non-linear resistivity measurements for fine YBa2Cu3O7−δ ceramics under magnetic field. Successive superconducting transition was observed in the linear resistivity and the lower temperature part of the resistivity curve became convex upward at high fields. A non-linear resistivity peak was observed for this lower temperature region and its offset temperature Toffset and the onset temperature Tonest coincided with the temperature of zero resistivity and inflexion point in linear resistivity, respectively. At lower field, Tonset was less sensitive to the field than Toffset, which implies the existence of the peculiar inter-grain ordering phase at finite fields.2019 International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2019), September 23-28, 2019, Okayama Convention Center in Okayama, Japa

Localization of an hTERT repressor region on human chromosome 3p21.3 using chromosome engineering

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA. The reactivation of telomerase activity by aberrant upregulation/expression of its catalytic subunit hTERT is a major pathway in human tumorigenesis. However, regulatory mechanisms that control hTERT expression are largely unknown. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that the introduction of human chromosome 3, via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), repressed transcription of the hTERT gene. These results suggested that human chromosome 3 contains a regulatory factor(s) involved in the repression of hTERT. To further localize this putative hTERT repressor(s), we have developed a unique experimental approach by introducing various truncated chromosome 3 regions produced by a novel chromosomal engineering technology into the renal cell carcinoma cell line (RCC23 cells). These cells autonomously express ectopic hTERT (exohTERT) promoted by a retroviral LTR promoter in order to permit cellular division after repression of endogenous hTERT. We found a telomerase repressor region located within a 7-Mb interval on chromosome 3p21.3. These results provide important information regarding hTERT regulation and a unique method to identify hTERT repressor elements

Oxidation and reduction effects of successive superconducting transitions in ultra-fine YBa2Cu4O8 ceramics

We investigated the effects of oxidation and reduction on the successive superconducting transition in a ceramic material composed of YBa2Cu4O8 (Y124) submicron grains by linear and non-linear resistivity measurements. This material shows two-step superconducting transition and the lower one is identified as an inter-grain ordering. A sintering process fuses and joins the adjacent grains, so the lower transition was suppressed with increasing sintered time. Although Y124 is a stoichiometric ceramic, a reduction treatment suppressed the temperature of zero resistivity and broadened the non-linear resistivity peak. This suggests an oxygen vacancy was induced on the grain surface