Institutional Forms of Philanthropy in West Africa

How do African foundations mobilize monetary and non monetary resources (methods, strategies)? Who contributes to their budget (individuals, organizations, businesses, members, boards) and to which extent (percentage of local resources versus foreign ones)? What limitations and obstacles do African foundations face in their resources mobilization policies and practices (lack of information, lack of strategic planning, and lack of skills)? Are they financially sustainable? To address those questions, we conduct a comparative analysis of five (5) foundations evolving in West Africa

Outcome of surgical management of genital prolapse in the obstetric gynecology department of the Ignace Deen Hospital in Conakry, Guinea

Background: Each year several patients are operated on for genital prolapse in our department, but no study has yet been done to analyse the results. The objective of this study was to highlight the operating techniques used and to analyse the anatomical and functional outcomes.Methods: It was an observational, longitudinal, prospective and descriptive study which took place over a period of 2 years in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Ignace Deen hospital de Conakry in Guinea. This study focused on patients operated on in the department for genital prolapse.Results: During the study period, 67 patients underwent genital prolapse surgery in the department. The operating techniques used are the triple perineal operation or, associated with colposuspension and/or Richter or Mc Call, Richardson's operation, Rouhier's operation and promonto-fixation. This study recorded in the follow up a case of recurrence of hysterocele one year after a Richardson operation, a correction of all digestive and sexual functional disorders and a correction of 81.25% of functional urinary disorders. The intraoperative complications were a rectal wound, two bladder wounds and three cases of hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion. The post-operative results were good in 98.5% of the cases.Conclusions: The lower approach is the main route used for surgical treatment of prolapse. The anatomical and functional results obtained are encouraging

Effect of premature rupture of membranes on the maternal and fetal prognosis during childbirth at the gynecology-obstetrics department of the Matam Communal Medical Center, Conakry, Guinea

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (RPM) is defined by rupture of the amnion and chorion before entering labor within 24 hours leading to vaginal discharge of amniotic fluid without uterine contractions. Objective of this study was to improving the management of premature Ruptures of the membranes received in the service.Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical prospective study lasting six months from January 1 to June 30 2016.Results: During the study period, we collected 108 cases of RPM out of 1543 deliveries, representing a hospital frequency of 7%. RPM had more frequently concerned pregnant women aged 25-29 (37.04%), housewife (37.03%), primiparous (45.37%) and referral (52.78%). 95.37% were single pregnancies with cephalic presentation (80%) received between 37-42 weeks (84.26%). Management mainly consisted of antibiotic prophylaxis (100%), fetal pulmonary maturation and childbirth. The vagina was the main mode of delivery (62.04%). The maternal prognosis was dominated by chorioamnionitis (12.96%). The fetal one was made up of respiratory distress (40.71%) and prematurity (12.39%).Conclusions: RPM is frequent at the Matam municipal medical center. It is essential for its prevention to ensure health education of the population in general and genital hygiene in particular, to make a coherent prenatal follow-up while putting a particular accent on the detection and the treatment of genital infections

Obstetrical complications among adolescent girls at the maternity ward of Ignace Deen National Hospital

Background: The objective of this study was to highlight obstetrical complications that occurred among adolescent girls who delivered at the ward and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of such complications.Methods: This was a prospective study of descriptive and analytical type extending over a period of one year from September 1, 2016 to August 31, 2017 carried out at the maternity ward of Ignace Deen National Hospital at Conakry Teaching Hospital (CHU). It covered a continuous series of 1034 deliveries among adolescent girls.Results: The frequency of childbirth among adolescent girls was 16.7%. The main complications identified were dystocia, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, retroplacental hematoma, placenta previa, uterine rupture, severe anemia, postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal endometritis. These complications occurred among adolescent girls aged 18 to 19, christian, skin and pelvic bones secondary school or university students. Factors associated with such complications were the marital status (p=0.010), the gestational age (p=0.012), the number of prenatal consultations (p=0.001), the place of prenatal consultation (p=0.001), the reason for admission (p=0.000) and the mode of admission (p=0.000).Conclusions: Childbirth among adolescent girls is frequent in this context; complications are numerous but they are preventable in the vast majority of cases

LES PERFORMANCES DE L’EDUCATION EN AFRIQUE FRANCOPHONE : UNE ANALYSE MULTINIVEAUX

Depuis l’adoption des objectifs de l’Education pour Tous et les objectifs du millénaire en 2000, des efforts remarquables ont été enregistrés en termes d’accès dans la plupart des pays pauvres, notamment les pays de la CONFEMEN (La Conférence des ministres de l'Education des pays ayant le français en partage. Créée en 1960, elle regroupe 44 pays  membre de l’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie). Toutefois, ces pays rencontrent davantage de difficultés sur le plan de la qualité de l’éducation. Si la qualité d’une école se réfère à son équipement et sa capacité à transmettre un certain nombre de connaissances, la qualité de l’éducation peut se mesurer aux acquisitions scolaires des élèves quantifiables à partir de leurs scores. Partant de là, cette étude propose une analyse comparative des déterminants des acquisitions scolaires des élèves du CM1 de six pays de l’Afrique l’ouest francophone ; Bénin, Burkina-Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinée, Mauritanie et le Sénégal. Nous nous basons sur les données issues des enquêtes de PASEC (Le PASEC est un programme d’analyse des systèmes éducatifs de la CONFEMEN) entre 2004 et 2010. Pour tenter de comprendre la performance de l’éducation en Afrique subsaharienne cette étude propose d’abord, d’estimer les sources de variabilités intra-individuelles et interindividuels à l’aide de la corrélation interclasse, ensuite de déterminer la présence d’effets aléatoires et enfin de quantifier les effets fixes. A cet égard, le modèle multiniveaux est particulièrement adapté à ce type d’analyse dont les données présentent des structures complexes qui incluent différents niveaux de découpage

Introduction

Peu de concepts se révèlent aussi polysémiques que ceux d’environnement et de santé. Quand de plus ils se voient associés, le résultat peut conduire à une multiplicité de sens possibles. Environnement et santé comme apposition de deux champs qui s’expliqueraient mutuellement, environnement ET santé où l’accent est placé sur les interrelations et les liens qui s’inscrivent dans un fonctionnement systémique, santé-environnement comme un raccourci de l’expression précédente servant de cadre à de..

A Gender Analysis of the Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Côte d’Ivoire

The purpose of this article is to improve knowledge and understanding of the determinants of unemployment duration by gender in Côte d’Ivoire. One of the central questions on this issue is to what extent the personal characteristics of jobseekers affect their exit from unemployment. In this sense, we apply a proportional risk model with heterogeneity correction of Weibull (2004), applied to data from the Household Employment Survey in Côte d’Ivoire (EEMCI) that was conducted in 2012 by AGEPE. The results of the study reveal that young men are much more likely to exit unemployment than young women. Even if the results show a negative relationship between high level of education and unemployment, the high representation of women on the unemployment rate remains attributable to their very low level of education and the weight of tradition relegating the role of the woman, as a matter of priority, to housework

Acceptability of contraceptive implants at the maternity ward of the Matam Communal Medical Center

Background: World Health Organization (WHO), defines contraception as "the use of agents, devices, methods or procedures to decrease the likelihood of conception or avoid it". In Africa, only 24% of women of childbearing age have access to a modern contraceptive method. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of use of the contraceptive implant, to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the users, to identify the reasons for the choice of the method and to assess the degree of satisfaction of the clients.Methods: The study was conducted at the Matam Communal Medical Center on level 2 of the health pyramid in Guinea. This was a 12-month cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study (June 2017 to May 2018), including all women admitted for desire for contraception and who agreed to choose the implant as a contraceptive method.Results: The study involved 512 clients. The proportion of female users was 26.21%. The average age was 27.8 years, the main users were women of liberal trade, married, multiparous. The main reasons for choice cited by clients were the effectiveness and long duration of action of the method, i.e. 35.2% and 30.9% respectively. The majority of providers of the method were represented by midwives (73.3%) and the degree of client satisfaction with the method was 97%.Conclusions: The implant is a long-acting method of contraction. It is frequently used at the Communal Medical Center of Matam. Its efficient use would involve effective counselling