Tracking Anti-Vax Social Movement Using AI based Social Media Monitoring

Tracking Anti-Vax Social Movement Using AI based Social Media Monitorin

Impact of Hydrotalcite’s Basic Sites on the Catalyst Stability and the Branching Selectivity in α‑Hydroxyketone Aldolization

Reconstructed hydrotalcites serve as powerful catalysts for the aldolization of α-hydroxyketones, exemplified here by the glycerol-derived dihydroxyacetone (DHA), toward the formation of branched hexoses (dendroketoses). Due to the multichemical functionality of these hydroxyketones, various competitive reactions such as keto-aldehyde isomerization (e.g., dihydroxyacetone (DHA)/glyceraldehyde (GLA) equilibrium) are possible, reducing the branching selectivity of the aldolization reaction. This study reveals that the nature of the basic sites (as determined via CDCl3 probe FT-IR and CO2-TPD experiments) strongly affects the branching selectivity of the condensation reaction as well as the stability of the hydrotalcite catalyst. For instance, strong basic sites not only allow the undesired keto-aldehyde isomerization but also promote the Cannizzaro reactions toward the formation of organic carboxylic acids leading to the catalyst leaching and waste generation. Thus, subsequent chemical transformations of branched sugars cannot occur without prior purification. For instance, the hydrogenation toward biobased branched polyol, which is the industrial target in casu base condensation of DHA. Tuning the basic properties of the reconstructed hydrotalcite based on this knowledge ultimately led to an active, selective, and stable catalyst with improved regeneration possibility

Natural log of IgM serum antibody titers against Campylobacter among Guillain-Barré Syndrome cases and patient-controls and among cases and controls reporting diarrhea or excreting Campylobacter, the Arab Republic of Egypt, April 2001 through September 2003.

<p>Natural log of IgM serum antibody titers against Campylobacter among Guillain-Barré Syndrome cases and patient-controls and among cases and controls reporting diarrhea or excreting Campylobacter, the Arab Republic of Egypt, April 2001 through September 2003.</p

Odds of having IgM serum antibodies against GMI, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b gangliosides in Guillain-Barré Syndrome cases and patient-controls for all cases and controls, for patients reporting diarrhea, and for patients excreting <i>Campylobacter</i>, the Arab Republic of Egypt, April 2001 through September 2003.

a<p>Conditional logistic regression controlling for age, gender, ownership of farm animals, and ownership of luxury items.</p>b<p>Unconditional logistic regression controlling for age, gender, livestock ownership, and possession of luxury items.</p>c<p>Unconditional logistic regression controlling for possession of luxury items. Other variable were excluded because of sparse data.</p>d<p>Odds Ratio (95% CI).</p>e<p><.0001.</p>f<p>P = 0.047.</p>g<p>P = .004.</p>h<p>P = 0.04.</p>i<p>P = 0.006.</p>j<p>P = .007.</p

Percent of each Penner and Lior (Penner:Lior) <i>Campylobacter</i> serogroup isolated from Guillain-Barré Syndrome cases and patient-controls, the Arab Republic of Egypt, April 2001 through September 2003.

a<p>One case specimen and two controls specimens were not serotyped.</p>b<p>Fisher's exact test.</p>c<p>Subscript “J” = <i>C jejuni</i> and subscript “C” = <i>C coli</i>.</p

Characteristics of cases and controls enrolled in study of <i>Campylobacter</i> infection and Guillain-Barré Syndrome, the Arab Republic of Egypt, April 2001 through September 2003.

a<p>Median (interquartile range).</p>b<p>Patients were matched to controls for age (±2 years) and hospital for all cases and controls; matching was incomplete when analyzing subgroups (e.g., Cases and controls with diarrhea).</p>c<p>P = .002; Odds Ratio = 1.86 (95% CI: 1.25 to 2.78), univariate unconditional logistic regression.</p>d<p>Owned three or more luxury items (e.g., cell phone, car).</p>e<p>P = .04; Odd Ratio = 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.93), univariate unconditional logistic regression.</p

Age-standardized rates of mental disorder DALYs, by country and sex.

<p>Age-standardized rates of mental disorder DALYs, by country and sex.</p

Rate of DALYs in EMR, by age and gender.

<p>Rate of DALYs in EMR, by age and gender.</p

Change in DALYS/100,000 from 1990–2013, by income.

<p>Change in DALYS/100,000 from 1990–2013, by income.</p

Change in DALY rates from 1990–2013, by gender.

<p>Change in DALY rates from 1990–2013, by gender.</p