Estimation of Crystallite Size, Density, and Compositional of the Ti: Al2O3 Single Crystal

The purposes of this research were to estimate the crystallite size, density, and chemical composition of the ingot Ti: Al2O3  crystal grown by the Czochralski method. The crystallite size and composition of Ti: Al2O3 crystals had been determined using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Based on the Archimedes principle, the density of the crystals had been determined. The XRD patterns showed a single central peak with high intensity for all samples. It indicated that all samples had a single crystal. The average value of the samples' crystallite size was in the range of 20.798 nm to 34.294 nm. The ingot crystal density and Ti composition increased from the top to the bottom part because the solid solution was distributed unevenly during the growth process

Intercity Express Bus Safety Design Issues in Peninsular Malaysia

The purpose of this paper is to provide a study on passengers' safety for intercity express bus and road crashes data trends starting from 2003 until 2017.The study focused on the rate of injuries and deaths of intercity express buses passengers

Seatbelt Design Awareness and Factors for Intercity Express Bus in Peninsular Malaysia

Road collisions and injuries are major challenges encountered in developing countries including Malaysia. According to statistics stated by the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) and reviews from the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), more than 6,000 deaths per year were reported due to road collisions. This includes road accidents involving intercity express buses (IEB) which started in 2003 and keeps increasing from 2007 until 2017. In fact, accidents involving IEB and town buses were rated as the highest. Therefore, this study was performed in order to reveal safety factors for safety awareness on intercity express busses. Besides, this paper also provides a study on seatbelt design awareness that focuses on the passengers and enforcement authorities responded by the southern, center, east coast and northern region of intercity express bus passengers. Simultaneously, this study aims to improve the percentage of seatbelt usage by passengers. Evidence found in this study shows that the main cause of seatbelt design awareness is because of passengers themselves have great safety awareness and also enforcement by the authority. Hence, seatbelt design awareness for passengers' safety should be implemented to improve the percentage of seatbelt usage as well as the enforcement by every intercity bus provide

Kajian Rekabentuk Sistem Keselamatan (Tali Pinggang) Bagi Penumpang Bas Komersial Di Semenanjung Malaysia

Kajian ini bertujuan menyediakan satu penyelidikan awal terhadap kajian literasi rekabentuk sistem keselamatan (tali pinggang) di dalam bas bermula dari tahun 1994 sehingga 2015 di semenanjung Malaysia. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan terhadap kesan rekabentuk tali pinggang dan penggunaannya terhadap orang dewasa dan kanak-kanak sekolah di negara lain. Oleh itu, kajian ini perlu untuk memperbaiki tahap keselamatan dalam mencadangan reka bentuk yang sesuai bagi penumpang bas komersial di Semenanjung Malaysia. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan kajian kesusasteraan berdasarkan daripada kajian penyelidik yang terdahulu merangkumi kajian rekabentuk tali pinggang keledar pusingan, tali pinggang keledar bahu dan kesan penggunaan tali pinggang keledar terhadap orang dewasa dan kanak-kanak sekolah ketika kemalangan jalanraya. Kajian ini telah membuktikan rekabentuk tali pinggang keledar dapat mengurangkan kadar kematian dan kecederaan penumpang bas sama ada orang dewasa mahupun kanak-kanak. Tetapi di Malaysia, kajian rekabentuk tali pinggang keledar bagi bas komersial masih belum pernah dibuat dibuat. Kajian ini dapat menangani isu kadar kemalangan bas komersial yang kerap berlaku kebelakangan in

Hydrophobic silica thin films by sol-gel processing and spin coating technique at low temperature

Hydrophobic silica thin films were prepared by sol-gel processing and self-assembly by chemical vapor reaction with Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) at low temperature. The sols were divided into Sol A with ethanol, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and water (H2O) while Sol B were contain precursor of silica Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolyze with ethanol which was stirred for 15 minutes. HCl was added into the mixture and stirred for another 10 minutes. After deposition on 1 x 1 cm corning glass using spin coating technique (two-step timer), the films were heated at 60˚C for 10 minutes and finally annealed at 150°C for 1 hour. The films were characterized by using Rudolph/Auto EL Ellipsometer, Shimadzu Spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The results showed that the films thickness and refractive index were in the range of 105.2 to 112.4 nm and 1.35 to 1.38, respectively. The films were transmitted 70-80% of light (in visible range) with various bondings of C-H, Si-O-Si, Si-C and Si-OH. Surface roughness of the films was increased from 30.6 nm (silica thin film) to 140.5 nm (hydrophobic silica thin films) after modification have been done on the films by using TMCS (heated at 40˚C). It was found that the water contact angles increased when time of reaction increased from 109° to 124

Miliary Bovine Tuberculosis in Buffaloes in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq

Background: Bubalus bubalis (river buffaloes) are widely distributed in the southern marshes of Iraq. This study intends to record a case of miliary tuberculosis in buffalo for the first time in Al Muthanna abattoir, Iraq, with its clinical, gross, and histopathological findings and microbiological investigations. Case Description: Ten years old buffalo showed chronic cough, infertility, emaciation, debilitation, lower milk production, loss of weight, and loss of appetite for 2 months; during meat inspection, thousands of various size typical tubercles, yellowish, granulomatous, and caseous lesions were distributed over all the body. Results: Microscopically, features of tuberculosis granuloma lesions were observed and revealed oval or round caseous necrosis with irregular central areas. Moreover, mineralization was enclosed by a thin to a broad layer of diverse inflammatory cells and solid collagenous connective tissue sheath. Moreover, a direct smear from the lesion stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen stain showed a slightly curved, red, and straight rod that was seen alone or in clusters, indicating the bacilli of tuberculosis. Additionally, the growing bacteria on the Löwenstein-Jensen media slant revealed flat, smooth, moist, white, not pigmented colonies suggestive of M. Bovis that revealed typical results with traditional biochemical tests, including negative reaction to nitrate reduction, niacin test, and deamination of pyrazinamide. Conclusion: For the author’s knowledge, this is the first case report of miliary bovine tuberculosis in buffalo in Iraq. The diagnosis was made according to clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathological features supported by Ziehl-Neelsen stain and bacterial isolation. The author recommends future epidemiological molecular studies to improve the diagnosis tools of bovine tuberculosis in Iraq and investigate the causative agent M. Bovis to establish the roles for disease control that becomes much more challenging

The Influence of Digital Marketing on Consumer Behavior in the Context of Online Shopping in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

The contemporary business landscape has undergone significant transformations, resulting in a highly competitive atmosphere. The onset of the second wave of digitization and technological innovation occurred in the early 2010s, and the COVID-19 pandemic further amplified its momentum. The second wave pertains to digitalizing the industrial sector, encompassing several aspects such as digital manufacturing, data-driven healthcare, intelligent buildings, and smart cities (World Economic Forum, 2021). Digital marketing has emerged as a highly prevalent marketing strategy organizations employ, mainly through social media platforms and email marketing techniques. Social media and email marketing are potent strategies for cultivating consumer engagement. This engagement plays a crucial role in influencing the frequency of customers' intent to make purchases. Furthermore, these marketing methods are characterized by their user-friendly nature and resilience.  Digital marketing technologies provide organizations with a convenient means to effectively promote their products and foster customer relationships at a reduced cost, resulting in heightened sales volume. This study investigates the relationship between digital marketing, consumer engagement, and purchase intention within the Klang Valley region. The primary objective is to optimize the utilization of the study findings by obtaining theoretical validation of the relationship between the variables and selecting the most suitable implications that contribute to identifying the influence of digital marketing on consumer engagement and purchase intention

Synthesis and luminescence properties of doped magnesium boro-tellurite ceramics

Glass has been widely utilized in the field of lighting, telecommunication and spectroscopy. Boro-tellurite is one of the suitable glasses used for solid state lighting and laser application. The investigation on the luminescence properties of rare earth doped ceramic is rarely used due to the opacity. In this paper borotellurite prepared in ceramic can show the better luminescence with the less advantage. The aim of this paper is to present the effect and advantages in luminescence results of boro-tellurite ceramics doped with the constant amount of rare earth. Doped magnesium boro-tellurite with Eu3+ and Dy3+ ceramic have been prepared using solid state reaction method with the compositions of xTeO2-(70-x)B2O3-30MgO with 10=x=40, and have been doped with Eu2O3 (1mol%) and Dy2O3 (1mol%) . The characterizations of the samples have been investigated by means of X-Ray diffraction, Raman, Infrared and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. From the X-ray diffraction results, two phases are assigned to MgTe2O5 and Mg2B2O5. Raman spectroscopy showed strong bands observed in the vicinity of 140, 175, 220, 266, 332, 403, 436, 646, 694, 723, 757 and 806 cm-1. FTIR spectra showed bands located in the range between 400-800 cm-1 are assigned to the bending mode of Te-O-Te, TeO3 and TeO4. In the range of 800-1400 cm-1, the bands are associated with B-O, B-O-B, BO3 and BO4 bonds. The emission transition5D0-7F2 corresponded to the red emission (612 nm) was found to be the most intense in all the Eu3+-doped magnesium boro-tellurite ceramics

Analysis of emission of Eu3+ and Dy3+ doped Magnesium Boro-Tellurite (MBT) ceramics

Rare earth (RE) ions play an important role in the improvement of the optical properties of ceramics. Rare-earth ceramics are commonly used in display panels, fluorescent lamps and lasers. The luminescence properties of Magnesium Boro-Tellurite (MBT) Eu 3 + and Dy 3 + doped ceramics have not been reported before. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the effect of different compositions on the luminescence properties of the MBT material. A series of xTeO 2 –(70 - x)B 2 O 3 –30MgO ceramics with 10 6 x 6 40 mol % doped with 1 mol % of Eu 3 + and Dy 3 + ions was prepared via the solid-state reaction method. The influence of various compositions on the crystalline phase and photoluminescence properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and luminescence spectroscopy. The crystalline phases obtained in this study are Mg 3 (BO 3 ) 2 , MgB 4 O 7 , Mg 2 B 2 O 5 , Mg(Te 2 O 5 ) and MgTe 3 O 6 . It was stated that the crystalline phases have not changed as a result of doping with Eu 3 + and Dy 3 + ions. The emission spectra of Eu 3 + : MBT ceramics showed strong red emission at 612 nm due to the transition of 5 D 0 ? 7 F 2 and meanwhile, the Dy 3 + : MBT ceramics showed a blue emission at 480 nm due to 4 F 9 / 2 ? 6 H 15 / 2 transition and yellow emission at 576 nm due to 4 F 9 / 2 ? 6 H 13 / 2 transition. Both the rare-earth doped phosphors showed bright emission

Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Dermal Infections with Methi-cillin Sensitive and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Sheep Breeders in Diyala Governorate , Iraq

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the dominant pathogen among skin infections in human and animals. Objective: To isolation and identification of S.aureus from sheep breeders by traditional method &Automated Vitek 2 system ,Detection of methicillin resistant gene (mecA) by conventional PCR. Evaluation of relationship between S.aureus in-fection and possible risk factors in human   (age, sex, education level, economic statue, hospitalization in last four weeks contact with sheep skin lesions, and contact with pets). Patients and Methods: A total of 44 skin swaps collected from  sheep breeders  suffered from variety of infected skin lesions (wounds, abscesses, atopic dermatitis, acne, chronic skin diseases etc.) recording; sex, age, education level, economic statue, hospitaliza-tion in last four weeks, contact with sheep skin lesions, and contact with pets to detect S. aureus, MRSA and estimating the risk factors, by employing traditional laboratories methods in addition to confirmatory techniques by VETEK2 sys-tem and  PCR,   using specific primers (Staur 4, 6), MRSA gene primers (mecA). Results: Methicillin sensitive S. aureus was reported in 34.09% versus40% for MRSA among sheep breeders. Significant correlation reported between age groups and  MRSA infections. Although, the rate of infection with    methicillin sensitive S. aureus and MRSA  was higher among males compared with females , no signifi-cant correlation reported between sex and infection with    methicillin sensitive S. aureus and MRSA. Female breeders were at high risk for getting dermal  MRSA infections compared with males. No significant correlation between the educa-tion level, economic status, contact with pets and    methicillin sensitive S. aure-us , MRSA infections as Risk factors.    Methicillin sensitive S. aureus infections among breeders significantly correlated with hospitalization in last four weeks .Significant correlation reported between contact with skin lesions of sheep and    methicillin sensitive S. aureus , MRSA infections among  breeders. Conclusion: Methicillin resistant trait was common among S.aureus isolated from sheep breeders .MRSA infections correlated with age. Female sheep breeders were at high risk for getting S.aureus and MRSA infections. Sex , education level, eco-nomic status, contact with pet play no role in infection with S.aureus. hospitali-zation in last four weeks, contact with skin lesions correlated significantly with S. aureus, MRSA infections among breeders.