Internuclear chromosome bridges in thyrocytes of papillary thyroid cancer in patients, subjected to radioactive iodine isotopes during first months after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

Background. Fallout from Chernobyl accident was primarily to iodine radioisotopes, with Iodine-131 (I-131) being the most predominant. Radioiodines accumulated following the accident could induce pathologic changes in thyrocytes. Internuclear chromatine bridges and ‘‘tailed’’nuclei - broken bridge fragments - are considered like cytopathological effects of radiation exposure as these abnormalities are formed from dicentric chromosomes, which are established markers of radiation exposure. Objective. To test the possibility that internuclear bridges and tailed nuclei are cytological markers of radiation exposure of the thyroid. Methods. We investigated thyrocyte nuclear abnormalities in cytological samples from fine-needle aspiration biopsy in papillary thyroid cancer patients exposed to radioiodine after Chernobyl accident (35 subjects from Gomel region, Belarus) and in papillary thyroid cancer of unexposed patients (25 subjects from Leningrad region, Russia). Nuclear abnormalities included internuclear bridges and ‘‘tailed’’ nuclei were examined. Results. Cells in papillary thyroid cancer of irradiated patients are characterized by the high frequency of appearance of hole nucleoplasmic bridges as well as broken bridges in comparison with the control group. The average frequency of thyrocytes with bridges in irradiated patients was almost 4 times higher than that in the unexposed group (4,69±0,69‰ vs. 1,10±0,23 ‰, p<0.001). The same contrast was observed in parameter “frequency of thyrocytes with “tailed” nuclei” (12,40±1,82 ‰ vs 3,68±0,39 ‰, (p<0.001)). Conclusion. Thyrocytes with internuclear bridges may be considered as markers of radiation effects on the thyroid gland. Citation: Kravtsov VIu, Ibragimova NV, Nikonovich SN, Nadyrov EA, Rozhko AV. [Internuclear chromosome bridges in thyrocytes of papillary thyroid cancer in patients, subjected to radioactive iodine isotopes during first months after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant]. Morphologia. 2015;9(4):37-42. Russian

Genome-wide association study of loss of heterozygosity and metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients

One of the factors providing the diversity and heterogeneity of malignant tumors, particularly breast cancer, are genetic variations, due to gene polymorphism, and, especially, the phenomenon of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). It has been shown that LOH in some genes could be a good prognostic marker. Aim: To perform genome-wide study on LOH in association with metastasisfree survival in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The study involved 68 patients with breast cancer. LOH status was detected by microarray analysis, using a high density DNA-chip CytoScanTM HD Array (Affymetrix, USA). The Chromosome Analysis Suite 3.1 (Affymetrix, USA) software was used for result processing. Results: 13,815 genes were examined, in order to detect LOH. The frequency of LOH varied from 0% to 63%. The association analysis identified four genes: EDA2R, PGK1, TAF9B and CYSLTR1 that demonstrated the presence of LOH associated with metastasis-free survival (log-rank test, p < 0.03). Conclusions: The presence of LOH in EDA2R, TAF9B, and CYSLTR1 genes is associated with metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients, indicating their potential value as prognostic markers

Comprehensive meta-analytical summary on human papillomavirus association with head and neck cancer

An etiological role of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical cancer has been well established. Hence, attention of researchers has been focused on the role of HPV in pathogenesis of other malignancies, such as head and neck cancers. An analysis of epidemiological data on the prevalence of HPV infection among healthy people and patients with precancerous lesions and/or cancer is an important step in understanding the role of HPV in head and neck carcinogenesis. More and more data demonstrate the impact of HPV infection on disease outcome. HPV­positive patients have been shown to have better responses to radiotherapy and better overall and disease­free survival than HPV­negative patients. This review presents data of the metaanalysis based on a large number of original studies on HPV prevalence in patients with precancerous lesions and in patients with oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers as well as findings on the impact of HPV infection on survival of these patients

COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYTICAL SUMMARY ON HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS ASSOCIATION WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER

An etiological role of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical cancer has been well established. Hence, attention of researchers has been focused on the role of HPV in pathogenesis of other malignancies, such as head and neck cancers. An analysis of epidemiological data on the prevalence of HPV infection among healthy people and patients with precancerous lesions and/or cancer is an important step in understanding the role of HPV in head and neck carcinogenesis. More and more data demonstrate the impact of HPV infection on disease outcome. HPV­positive patients have been shown to have better responses to radiotherapy and better overall and disease­free survival than HPV­negative patients. This review presents data of the metaanalysis based on a large number of original studies on HPV prevalence in patients with precancerous lesions and in patients with oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers as well as findings on the impact of HPV infection on survival of these patients

Zoning of the urban environment by the level of soil pollution and its impact on the formation of risks to public health

© 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved. The priority pollutants of urban soils are oil products, nitrates, cadmium, and zinc. The total non-carcinogenic risk was higher in the Kirovsky and Vakhitovsky districts of the city, and the dermal path was the most significant among the chemical penetration pathways. The distribution of risk factors for adolescent health along the path of inhalation was determined for the various critical target organs such as kidneys, hormones, blood, and respiratory systems. Analysis of the content of total metals in the soils of different districts showed that copper, zinc, lead made the major contribution to pollution in the calculation according to MAC (Zc) in all districts. Nitrates remain an important contaminant in every city under study. The values of total pollution factor, both for total and mobile forms of metals, did not exceed 16 units allowing placing the samples under study into a category with allowable contamination. The content of mobile forms of metals (apart from cadmium) did not exceed regulations in all selected zones. However, according to the results of our research, the concentrations of mobile forms of metals exceeded the concentrations of total forms of the same metals by approximately two times (but stayed within the limits of MAC)

NEUROHUMORAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF COR PULMONALE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES

Neurohumoral aspects of formation of cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

Genome-wide methylotyping resolves breast cancer epigenetic heterogeneity and suggests novel therapeutic perspectives

Aim: To provide a breast cancer (BC) methylotype classification by genome-wide CpG islands bisulfite DNA sequencing. Materials & methods: XmaI-reduced representation bisulfite sequencing DNA methylation sequencing method was used to profile DNA methylation of 110 BC samples and 6 normal breast samples. Intrinsic DNA methylation BC subtypes were elicited by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, and cluster-specific differentially methylated genes were identified. Results & conclusion: Overall, six distinct BC methylotypes were identified. BC cell lines constitute a separate group extremely highly methylated at the CpG islands. In turn, primary BC samples segregate into two major subtypes, highly and moderately methylated. Highly and moderately methylated superclusters, each incorporate three distinct epigenomic BC clusters with specific features, suggesting novel perspectives for personalized therapy. © 2019 Alexander Tanas et al