The Gallium Neutrino Absorption Cross Section and its Uncertainty

In the recent Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST), a suppressed rate of neutrino absorption on a gallium target was observed, consistent with earlier results from neutrino source calibrations of the SAGE and GALLEX/GNO solar neutrino experiments. The BEST collaboration, utilizing a 3.4 MCi 51Cr neutrino source, found observed-to-expected counting rates at two very short baselines of R=0.791 plus/minus 0.05 and 0.766 plus/minus 0.05, respectively. Among recent neutrino experiments, BEST is notable for the simplicity of both its neutrino spectrum, line neutrinos from an electron-capture source whose intensity can be measured to a estimated precision of 0.23%, and its absorption cross section, where the precisely known rate of electron capture to the gallium ground state, 71Ge(e,nue)71Ga(g.s.), establishes a minimum value. However, the absorption cross section uncertainty is a common systematic in the BEST, SAGE, and GALLEX/GNO neutrino source experiments. Here we update that cross section, considering a variety of electroweak corrections and the role of transitions to excited states, to establish both a central value and reasonable uncertainty, thereby enabling a more accurate assessment of the statistical significance of the gallium anomalies. Results are given for 51Cr and 37Ar sources. The revised neutrino capture rates are used in a re-evaluation of the BEST and gallium anomalies.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A New Sour-Milk Product for Prevention and Treatment

Based on camel milk, a new multicomponent, specialized fermented dairy bio-product "Inulakt-Fito" was developed for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its expressed hypoglycemic, antioxidant effect was established in experimental alloxan diabetes

The conformation of 3-acetyl-Δ3-carene and 3-carene-7-al

The conformations of 3-acetyl-Δ3-carene and 3-carene-7-al were established on the basis of the spectral data and molar Kerr constants. © 1971 Consultants Bureau

Preparation and structure of 2-acetyl-2,3-epoxycarane

1. 2-Acetyl-α-2,3-epoxycarane which exists in solution as a single gauche conformer with minimal polarity was synthesized by the epoxidation of 2-acetyl-2-carene by perphthalic acid. 2. The conjugation in the system of double bonds in 2-acetyl-2-carene is disturbed due to acoplanarity of the C=C-C=O fragment. © 1982 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Modification of asphalt-free super viscous oil using ethylene copolymer with vinyl acetate

In this work the composition as well as the physical and mechanical properties of deasphalted bitumen of the Ashalchinsky field compounded by ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer was studied. The possibility of development of an asphalt concrete pavement based on bituminous binding material, containing as dispersed phase, not asphaltene associates, but ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer was looked into. The characteristics of the new asphalt binder are presented, on the basis of which it follows that the resulting binding material has ultra-high reserve of strength, elastic-deformation, low temperature and adhesion properties

Features of the n-alkanes crystalline phase content in paraffin oil components and their deposits

High-molecular n-alkanes within high paraffin oils of remaining hard-to-recover reseives are studied. Oil paraffin hydrocarbons redistribution between oils and their heavy deposits in the downhole equipment is presented. The presence of n-alkanes in the oils asphaltenes and their deposits is shown. Asphaltenes, extracted from the oils and their asphaltene deposits, were investigated by high-temperature gas chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry, with the help of which it was succeeded to find the presence of high n-alkanes C40-C59 and higher ones in their composition judging by the crystallization temperature detected in the crystalline phase. The highest molecular weight n-alkanes, whose molecular mass distribution peak falls on C54-C58, were found In asphaltenes of oils with low paraffin wax content. The data on the crystalline phase content in oils, heavy oil deposits, asphaltenes samples, isolated from oils and heavy oil deposits, as well as on the crystallization temperature are presented. High-molecular oil paraffin hydrocarbons can serve as crystallization centers of the complex structural units in oil dispersion system and flocculate at the system unbalance at achieving the critical concentration. Paraffin hydrocarbons, containing in the asphaltenes, are able to migrate and accumulate within the oil heavy deposits under certain thermodynamic conditions, as evidenced by the different compositions of n-alkanes in the oil asphaltenes and in their deposits. Different kind of the heat capacity temperature dependences is stated for oils, the presence of paraffin wax crystal phase is revealed. Comparative analysis of differential scanning calorimetry data of samples indicates contradictory dependence of the crystallization temperature and crystalline phase content on the molecular mass distribution of n-alkanes, containing in their composition, and correlates with the molecular mass distribution of solid n-alkanes in the asphaltenes, that determines the differences in the structural organization of the dispersed phase in heavy oil deposits

Reforming of extra viscous oil in the presence of mineral additives of carbonate rock

© Copyright 2016.Conversion of superviscous oil in the presence of mineral additives of carbonate rock. In the presence of carbonaceous additive at a temperature of 360 ° C, degree of aromaticity of the transformed oil increases, sulfur content slightly reduced. In thermobaric conditions of the experiments, the branched structures are actively involved in the process of destruction, formed n- Alkanes contained mainly in the diesel fraction, also reduced output of gasoline fractions. In the samples of transformed oil increased content of nitrogen and carbon, reduced sulfur content

Aquatermolisys of heavy crude oil in the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles

The effect of suspended nanoparticles of magnetite and hematite on thermal decomposition of heavy oil at a temperature of 360 ° C in a vapor medium at different pressures in the system was explained. The preferential destruction reactions were established concerning macromolecular components of the oil, which reduces its viscosity. The effect of zinc and aluminum oxides was shown as the additives initiating cracking of hydrocarbon bonds. The principles of change in the component composition of the conversion products were revealed as compared to the original crude oil. Conduction of the process in the presence of additives at a pressure of 11 MPa, thereby reducing the aromaticity of the final products to increase the yield of hydrocarbon oils, the formation of gaseous products. It is noticed, that reduce asphalt-resinous substances as a result of the conversion in the presence of additives. Built rheological curves of conversion products; their example shows the features of change viscosity-temperature characteristics

Measurement of the Solar Neutrino Capture Rate by the Russian-American Gallium Solar Neutrino Experiment During One Half of the 22-Year Cycle of Solar Activity

We present the results of measurements of the solar neutrino capture rate in gallium metal by the Russian-American Gallium Experiment SAGE during slightly more than half of a 22-year cycle of solar activity. Combined analysis of the data of 92 runs during the 12-year period January 1990 through December 2001 gives a capture rate of solar neutrinos with energy more than 233 keV of 70.8 +5.3/-5.2 (stat.) +3.7/-3.2 (syst.) SNU. This represents only slightly more than half of the predicted standard solar model rate of 128 SNU. We give the results of new runs beginning in April 1998 and the results of combined analysis of all runs since 1990 during yearly, monthly, and bimonthly periods. Using a simple analysis of the SAGE results combined with those from all other solar neutrino experiments, we estimate the electron neutrino pp flux that reaches the Earth to be (4.6 +/- 1.1) E10/(cm^2-s). Assuming that neutrinos oscillate to active flavors the pp neutrino flux emitted in the solar fusion reaction is approximately (7.7 +/- 1.8) E10/(cm^2-s), in agreement with the standard solar model calculation of (5.95 +/- 0.06) E10/(cm^2-s).Comment: English translation of article submitted to Russian journal Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. (JETP); 12 pages, 5 figures. V2: Added winter-summer difference and 2 reference

Stereochemistry of reduction of 4-acetyl-3α,4α-epoxycarane by sodium borohydride

It was shown that the hydrogenolysis of 4-acetyl-3α,4α-epoxycarane using NaBH4 is accomplished stereoselectively in harmony with its steric structure. © 1979 Plenum Publishing Corporation