Experimental study of the morphine de-addiction properties of Delphinium denudatum Wall.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to explore the de-addiction properties of Delphinium denudatum Wall. in morphine dependent rats. METHODS: Charles Foster male albino rats were made morphine dependent by injecting morphine sulphate in increasing doses twice a day for 7 days. The spontaneous withdrawal signs observed 12 h after the last dose were quantified by the 'counted' and 'checked' signs. The drug (alcoholic extract of Delphinium denudatum) was administered p.o. in different regimen: a) single dose (700 mg/kg) 10 h before the first dose of morphine, b) single dose (700 mg/kg) 10 h after the last dose of morphine, c) multiple doses (350 mg/kg) along with morphine twice a day for 7 days. RESULT: Administration of Delphinium denudatum extract caused significant reduction in the frequency of counted signs as well as the presence of checked signs of morphine withdrawal. The maximum reduction was observed in regimen 'b' followed by regimen 'c' and 'a'. CONCLUSION: Delphinium denudatum Wall. significantly reduces the aggregate scores for all parameters in morphine withdrawal syndrome by central action and thus may prove to be an alternative remedy in morphine de-addiction

Editors’ Introduction: An Overview of the Educational Administration and Leadership Curriculum: Traditions of Islamic Educational Administration and Leadership in Higher Education

This chapter provides an overview of several topics relevant to constructing an approach to teaching educational administration and leadership in Muslim countries. First, it places the topic in the context of the changing nature and critiques of the field that argue for a greater internationalisation to both resist some of the negative aspects of globalisation and to represent countries’ traditions in the professional curriculum. Then, it identifies literature that presents the underlying principles and values of Islamic education that guide curriculum and pedagogy and shape its administration and leadership including the Qur’an and Sunnah and the classical educational literature which focuses on aims, values and goals of education as well as character development upon which a ‘good’ society is built. This is followed by a section on the Islamic administration and leadership traditions that are relevant to education, including the values of educational organisations and how they should be administered, identifying literature on the distinctive Islamic traditions of leadership and administrator education and training as it applies to education from the establishment of Islam and early classical scholars and senior administrators in the medieval period who laid a strong foundation for a highly sophisticated preparation and practice of administration in philosophical writings and the Mirrors of Princes writings, and subsequent authors who have built upon it up to the contemporary period. The final section provides an overview of the chapters in this collection

Kitab anba noudjaba al-abna, anecdotes relatives aux enfants prodiges, par Shams al-Din Abou Hashim Mohammad ibn Mohammad ibn Zafar al-Sakali.

Kitab anba noudjaba al-abnaSolwan al-mouthaʿ fi ʿoudwan al-atbaʿNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution

Recueil de traités sur la théologie musulmane.

Solwan al-mouthaʿ fi ʿoudwan al-atbaʿNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution.Le Kitab al-shihab fil-amthila wal-adab, recueil de mille sentences ou traditions attribuées au prophète Mahomet, divisé en douze chapitres numérotés, et cinq chapitres non numérotés (folio 2 verso) ; le Kitab solwan al-moutaʿ fiʿoudwan al-atbaʿ, recueil d'anecdotes et de récits historiques à tendances mystiques, par Houdjdjat al-Din Abou Hashim Mohammad ibn Mohammad ibn Zafar al-Sikali, divisé en cinq solwana (folio 16 verso). Copié en Rabiʿ premier 830 de l'hégire / 31 décembre 1426-29 janvier 1427, par Mohammad ibn Nasr Allah

Recueil.

Minhadj al-ʿabidinSolwan al-mouthaʿ fi ʿoudwan al-atbaʿNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution.Traité de morale mystique par Aboul-Hasan ; Solvan al-moutha, traité de morale par Ibn Zafar (fol. 121 v°) ; Minhadj al-ʿabidin, traité de Soufisme par Ghazali (fol. 161 v°)

Mediation Role of Organizational Commitment in the Relationships of Organizational Politics and Job Involvement and Employee Performance

ABSTRAC

Catalytic Ozonation Combined with Conventional Treatment Technologies for the Recycling of Automobile Service Station Wastewater

The ample increase in water scarcity and depletion of natural resources due to their overconsumption and the contamination of water sources becomes more challenging day by day. This challenging situation has pushed the scientific community to cope with it by providing alternative solutions. Therefore, it is indeed important to conduct a sustainable study on recycling wastewater for a particular purpose. Taking this into account, an effort was made to develop a novel hybrid treatment system that applied both conventional and advanced oxidation treatment processes. In this sustainable study, an integrated system was designed for the effective treatment followed by the recycling of automobile service station wastewater (ASSWW) which comprised sedimentation (sed), catalytic ozonation, adsorption, and filtration. In the current investigation, two catalysts/adsorbents, the granular activated carbon (GAC) and rice husk (RH) were employed individually and in combination for the first time in the studied hybrid process and their performance was compared and evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the hybrid system combination-I (Sed–O3/GAC) was more efficient than combination-II (Sed–O3/RH); the maximum removal efficiency of COD was 100% and 80%, respectively. In addition, the hybrid system combination-III (Sed–O3/RH + GAC) was more economical and efficient than others by employing 35% of each absorbent in the adsorption column. Moreover, this efficient Sed–O3/RH + GAC system has a maximum removal efficiency 99%, 100%, 99%, 100%, (89%, 99%, 100%) and 100% for turbidity, COD, BOD5, fecal coliform, potentially toxic metals (Cd, Pb, As), oil and grease, respectively, at optimized conditions (O3 = 82.5 mg/L; contact time = 18 min and catalyst dose of GAC and RH = 200 g each). Furthermore, the treated water sample complied with the WWF-recommended Irrigation Water Quality Guidelines (IWQGs) for class D. The increase in biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio) was observed from 0.41 to 0.83. Therefore, the proposed efficacious hybrid system may be employed for the recycling of ASSWW for irrigation purposes

The mosques of Bayana, Rajasthan, and the emergence of a prototype for the mosques of the Mughals

Bayana’s political autonomy during the sultanate history of Delhi is reflected in its architectural monuments, particularly the mosques. The town, built by Muhammad b. Sām’s governor Bahā al-dīn Tughrul, has preserved his late twelfth-century mosque, which together with its early fourteenth-century extension was praised by Ibn Battūta, but it is the later mosques which show a pattern of continuous independence in architectural style. When in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries arcuate forms imported from Khurāsān flourished in Delhi, the Bayana architects, although aware of the style continued to choose the ancient Indian trabeate system, not as a result of lack of innovation, but as a display of their autonomy. Their design developments in the late fifteenth to sixteenth centuries led to a new concept for mosque plans, where the prayer hall no longer filled the western side, but jutted out into the courtyard, so that the northern and southern walls of the mosque stood within its courtyard. Akbar who had his capitals in Agra and Fathpur Sikri, once two villages in the Bayana territory, also adopted features of the architecture of the region. The new mosque plan first appears to some extent in Shaikh Salīm Chishtī’s Mosque, but the fully-fledged plan becomes a feature of later Mughal mosques of the time of Shāh Jahān and his successors