Quantum Double Models coupled with matter: an algebraic dualisation approach

In this paper, we constructed a new generalization of a class of discrete bidimensional models, the so called Quantum Double Models, by introduce matter qunits to the faces of the lattice that supports these models. This new generalization can be interpreted as the algebraic dual of a first, where we introduce matter qunits to the vertices of this same lattice. By evaluating the algebraic and topological orders of these new models, we prove that, as in the first generalization, a new phenomenon of quasiparticle confinement may appear again: this happens when the co-action homomorphism between matter and gauge groups is non-trivial. Consequently, this homomorphism not only classifies the different models that belong to this new class, but also suggests that they can be interpreted as a 2-dimensional restriction of the 2-lattice gauge theories.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures; submitted to publicatio

A Recipe for Constructing Frustration-Free Hamiltonians with Gauge and Matter Fields in One and Two Dimensions

State sum constructions, such as Kuperberg's algorithm, give partition functions of physical systems, like lattice gauge theories, in various dimensions by associating local tensors or weights, to different parts of a closed triangulated manifold. Here we extend this construction by including matter fields to build partition functions in both two and three space-time dimensions. The matter fields introduces new weights to the vertices and they correspond to Potts spin configurations described by an $\mathcal{A}$-module with an inner product. Performing this construction on a triangulated manifold with a boundary we obtain the transfer matrices which are decomposed into a product of local operators acting on vertices, links and plaquettes. The vertex and plaquette operators are similar to the ones appearing in the quantum double models (QDM) of Kitaev. The link operator couples the gauge and the matter fields, and it reduces to the usual interaction terms in known models such as $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory with matter fields. The transfer matrices lead to Hamiltonians that are frustration-free and are exactly solvable. According to the choice of the initial input, that of the gauge group and a matter module, we obtain interesting models which have a new kind of ground state degeneracy that depends on the number of equivalence classes in the matter module under gauge action. Some of the models have confined flux excitations in the bulk which become deconfined at the surface. These edge modes are protected by an energy gap provided by the link operator. These properties also appear in "confined Walker-Wang" models which are 3D models having interesting surface states. Apart from the gauge excitations there are also excitations in the matter sector which are immobile and can be thought of as defects like in the Ising model. We only consider bosonic matter fields in this paper.Comment: 52 pages, 58 figures. This paper is an extension of arXiv:1310.8483 [cond-mat.str-el] with the inclusion of matter fields. This version includes substantial changes with a connection made to confined Walker-Wang models along the lines of arXiv:1208.5128 and subsequent works. Accepted for publication in JPhys

The infinitesimal deformations of hypersurfaces that preserve the Gauss map

Classifying the nonflat hypersurfaces in Euclidean space $f\colon M^n\to\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ that locally admit smooth infinitesimal deformations that preserve the Gauss map infinitesimally was a problem only considered by Schouten \cite{Sc} in 1928. He found two conditions that are necessary and sufficient, with the first one being the minimality of the submanifold. The second is a technical condition that does not clarify much about the geometric nature of the hypersurface. In that respect, the parametric solution of the problem given in this note yields that the submanifold has to be Kaehler

Toward the use of mixed microbial cultures for the biological production of adipic and levulinic acid

This research was funded by Fondecyt Postdoctorado No. 3210626, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile, ANID.The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1224543/ full#supplementary-materialBiological synthesis of high added-value compounds like adipic acid (AA), levulinic acid (LA), or polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using pure culture has been separately reported. However, pure culture requires sterile conditions and the use of specific carbon sources resulting in high operating costs. Different alternatives based on the use of mixed microbial cultures (MMC) have been explored to resolve this problem. MMC have been widely reported for the production of PHB, but scarcely reported for LA production and never for AA synthesis. This work presents a novel strategy for the co-production of AA LA, and PHB using MMC. The strategy consists in selecting an MMC producer of AA, LA and PHB from an inoculum obtained from a wastewater treatment plant, which is then subjected to the feast and famine culture strategy in a sequential batch reactor, coupled with a batch reactor step to enhance the accumulation of AA and LA. The results showed that the MMC could produce a 16 & PLUSMN; 2, 23 & PLUSMN; 1 and 5 & PLUSMN; %1 (g compound/g volatile solids) of AA, LA and PHB, respectively, using a non-fermented residual biomass rich in pentose, namely synthetic hemicellulose hydrolysate (SHH) as the carbon source. These results contribute to generating future research to better understand and optimise the biosynthesis of these compounds by MMC.Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 3210626Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Chile, ANIDUniversities Department of the Andalucia Autonomous Government for his Emergia fellowship (EMERGIA20_00114

Biofeedback animado para el tratamiento de la micción disfuncional en urología pediátrica

54 páginas.Trabajo Fin de Máster Universitario en Urología Pediátrica (2014/15). Tutor: Dr. Pedro López Pereira. Introducción.- En la Micción Disfuncional (MD), el paciente contrae el esfínter uretral externo o diafragma pélvico (formado por músculo estriado) durante la micción, contrariamente al mecanismo fisiológico normal, en el que debe de estar relajado. Los síntomas de la MD comprenden un abanico de síntomas, desde las pérdidas por rebosamiento diurnas, la enuresis nocturna, las ITUs, o el RVU, y la descompensación final del tracto urinario superior en casos extremos. En el siguiente estudio pretendemos analizar retrospectivamente los resultados de los pacientes con DVE, demostrado con electromiografía perineal, que recibieron tratamiento con Biofeedback (Bfb) animado para mejorar su función vesical de vaciado. Se pretende también comprobar si existe alguna variable clínica o electromiográfica asociada a mejores tasas de cura o mejoría. Material y Métodos.- Para el siguiente estudio (corte transversal) se seleccionaron los pacientes con MD, demostrado con electromiografía perineal que, desde enero de 2010 hasta enero de 2015 (5 años) habían entrado en programa de Bfb animado en nuestra unidad. Se seleccionó a los pacientes que habían completado al menos 3 sesiones de Bfb. A estos pacientes, se les indicó acudir a la Unidad de Urología Pediátrica para realizar un control uroflujométrico, con Electromiografía (EMG) y contestar una encuesta validada previamente. Se analizaron variables clínicas (presencia de fugas diurnas, enuresis nocturna, estreñimiento, ITU, etc) y flujométricas: morfología de curvas, flujos, residuo postmiccional (RPM), etc. Resultados.- De 37 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con Bfb, se seleccionaron a 27 niñas que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La edad media del grupo de estudio fue 7,8 años (DE: 2,5), la mediana 8 años, el rango 4-11. De ellas, 12 (44%) presentaron Hiperactividad del detrusor (HD) demostrada con Urodinamia, asociada a DVE. El 55% de las pacientes presentaba estreñimiento. Un 65% mostraba curvas flujométricas dudosas, sólo identificables como MD por el EMG patológico. De manera global, todos los parámetros clínicos y flujométricos mejoraron al considerar el conjunto de la muestra. Un tercio de las pacientes presentó resolución completa de los síntomas, 37% mejoraron ostensiblemente y en el 29% no se pudo objetivar mejoría. La normalización del EMG se asocia a curación pero sin diferencias significativas (40% vs 14%, p=0,21), El estreñimiento al inicio del estudio se asocia a tasas más bajas de curación (13 vs 58%, p= 0,019), y la ausencia de RPM al final del Bfb se asocia a curación (66,7% vs 0%, p= 0,012). Conclusiones.- Nuestra tasa de mejoría o curación es del 69%. Un 44% de los pacientes tienen HD asociada a MD. El 65% de las pacientes pueden tener curvas dudosas (y sólo pueden ser diagnosticadas con EMG combinado a la flujometría). La ausencia de estreñimiento y la desaparición del RPM son los factores claves en la resolución de la DVE.Introduction.- Biofeedback (Bfb) has been previously used for multiple lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTDs), regardless of the specific type of voiding disorder. In this work, we show the results of animated Bfb specifically for Dysfunctional Voiding (DV), and analyze treatment outcome according to new determinant variables or prognostic factors. Patients and Methods.- Patients with proven DV were included in Bfb programme in the period 2010-2015 and analyzed retrospectively. Patients with anatomical anomalies or Spina Bifida, and those with < 3 Bfb sessions were excluded. DV was proven with two pathological Flowmetry + Electromyography (EMG). Clinical and flowmetry variables, including the Dysfunctional Voiding Score test (DVS, worst score: 27; best: 0) were analyzed. Cistomanometry was also performed if urgency syndrome was patent and unresponsive to anticolinergics. No response, partial or complete clinical response were defined according to ICCS terminology. Results.- Among 37 patients, 27 (all girls) met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 7.8 years (SD: 2.5, range: 4-11). Median follow up: 2 years. Median Bfb sessions was 6 (range 3-12). Detrusor overactivity (DO) was also urodinamically proven in 12 (44%). Constipation was present in 55% and low grade (I-III) VUR in 22%. DVS pre Bfb was 9.2 and 3.3 post Bfb (p= 0. 01). Globally, flowmetry parameters (curves, voided volume, maximum and average flows, and Post-Voidal residual-PVR) showed improvement, but only 33% showed clinical complete response, 36% partial response, and 29% no response. Full response associated variables were: no EMG activity post-Bfb (40% vs. 14%, p= 0.21), no constipation pre-Bfb (58% vs. 13%, p =0.019) and no PVR post Bfb (67% vs. 0%, p= 0.012). Discussion.- DO and DV coexist in 44% of dysfunctional voiders. Partial or complete response accounts for 69%. Absence of constipation and no PVR are the most important factors in treatment success of DV with Bfb

Factors Contributing to Late Identification of Deaf/Hard of Hearing Children in Louisiana

To ensure children who are Deaf/Hard of Hearing (D/HH) receive supports they need to reach their full potential, it is imperative that they be identified as early as possible. Early Hearing Detection and Intervention benchmarks stipulate children who are D/HH be enrolled in early intervention no later than 6 months of age. A major barrier to early enrollment is late identification. We reviewed records of children identified as D/HH in Louisiana after 6 months of age for 2015-2020 birth cohorts to determine factors contributing to the late identification. Cases were examined in-depth after it was determined that a diagnosis was attainable by 6 months of age. For each case, factors contributing to the late identification were evaluated and assigned to three sources: 1) family, 2) provider, or 3) hospital. Results of the analysis revealed that 46% of late identifications were due to families not completing recommended testing, while provider factors accounted for 25% of late identifications. Hospital factors accounted for 5% of late identifications, while 24% were attributable to more than one source. The analysis indicated that the percentage of late identifications due to families increased from 2015 to 2020, while the percentages due to provider and hospital factors decreased