Theoretical And Artificial Neural Network Computation and Analysis Of Global Solar Radiation At Enugu with Atmospheric Parameter

Records of measured sunshine hour’s data for a period of seventeen years (1991-2007) at Enugu 7.550N, 6.470E and 141.50m within the south-east zone of Nigeria were used to compute the global solar radiation of the same location with theoretical and artificial neural network models. The first part of the results (ie January to May )  has similar values with the third part (October to December). This indicate that weather conditions of the location  of study is of two periods, rainy and dry seasons. The values of the results also shows that global solar radiation is directly proportional to sunshine hours both for measured, theoretical and artificial neural network computations. Again Correlation of the two models show high performance of neural network over theoretical computation, as the neural network coefficent of determination R2 = 0.96 while coefficent of determination of theoretical computation  is R2 = 0.91 respectively. The above result shows that the two models has the ability of computing global solar radiation with sunshine hours, but the artificial neural network computation is  more accurate.   Keywords: Atmospheric parameters, theoretical, neural network, Global solar radiation and sunshine hours

ESTIMATION OF GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION AT CALABAR USING TWO MODELS

In this study, the estimation of global solar radiation with Meteorological parameters at Calabar- Nigeria latitude 40N and longitude 80 E were carried out. The daily mean temperature and relative humidity for seventeen years (1991 to 2007) from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Federal Ministry of Aviation, Oshodi, Lagos were used. The global solar radiation data were collected courtesy of Renewable Energy for Rural Industrialization and Development in Nigeria. Two models (multiple regression and artificial neural network) were used for the estimation. Comparing the graphs of correlation equation 4 and 5, and equation 6 and 7 of the first model, it is obvious that the first order correlation has better estimation power. Looking at the overview of all the Figures (1 -5A), is it is clear that the two models used in this study has estimation capacity, but Figure 5A shows better correlation with the measured values, which indicates that artificial neural network model is a better model for estimation. Therefore has been recommended for global solar radiation estimation at Calabar and its environs with similar weather condition. Alternatively, first order regression should be use for estimation in the absent of artificial neural network. Keywords: artificial neural network, regression, model, global solar radiatio

Microsoft Excel 2007 Programme for Effective Tertiary Institution Result Grading

Microsoft Excel 2007 Programme for effective Tertiary Institution result grading is an enhanced and interactive method of managing and processing key issues in Tertiary Institution, which are the problems of result grading. Grading of in course, exams and keeping track of grades in a grade book is one of the most laborious tasks a lecturer can undergo. Small errors can creep into your grade book when you add up scores, possibly resulting in your posting an incorrect student grade. Using Microsoft Excel 2007 to keep track of grades not only cuts down on the amount of work you have to do, but also cuts down or even eliminates mathematical errors. This study has addressed this key issue with a programme, from step one to step six. Keywords: Microsoft Excel 2007, Result, Grading Computation, Tertiary Institution

Estimation of Global Solar Radiation in Onitsha and Calabar Using Empirical Models

Understanding solar radiation data is essential for modelling solar energy systems. The purpose of the present study was to estimate global solar radiation on horizontal surface using meteorological parameters for a period of eleven years (1996 "“ 2006). Monthly average global solar radiation, H has been estimated for Onitsha and Calabar, Nigeria using predicting models generated by simple linear and multiple regression analyses. The models included a one variable model with relative humidity as the independent variable and two three-variable models correlating H with relative humidity and each of average temperature, cloudiness index and number of sunshine hours. The values of the global solar radiation estimated by the models and the measured solar radiation were tested using the mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean percentage error (MPE) statiscal techniques. The values of the correlation coefficient (CC) were also determined for each model. The model that indicate a good agreement between the measured and estimated values for Onitsha and Calabar are  and  respectively. The developed models can be used for estimating global solar radiation in Onitsha and Calabar and other locations with similar climatic factors

Chemically Deposited Cuprous Oxide Thin Film on Titanium Oxide for Solar Applications

Semiconducting cuprous oxide film (shell) was prepared by chemical bath method onto chemically bath deposited Titanium oxide thin film (core). The deposited films were treated under various annealing temperature up to 673K in order to determine the effects of thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of the film. Our results showed that there is more crystallization and more orientation of the crystal growth with increase in temperature. TiO2/Cu2O core/shell thin film has a in the range of 0.8 "“ 3.5 m-1. The optical band gap lies between 2.99eV- 4.00eV. The properties indicates that the thin film can be used as coatings for suppression of UV radiations, in thermal control and solar control coating, electrical isolation and so on

Study of the Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Optical Band Gap of Nanocrystalline CoO Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition.

Nanocrystalline films of cobalt oxide have been prepared on glass slides by chemical bath deposition process. For deposition of CoO thin films, cobaltous chloride [CoCl2.6H2O] was used as cationic and ammonia [NH3] as anionic precursor in aqueous medium. In this process NaOH was used as complexing agent. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic [SEM] analysis have been used to study the films’ crystal structures, optical and solid state properties. We hereby present the effects of thermal annealing on the optical band gap of CoO thin films. The optical transition in the films is direct one. For the as- deposited film, the band gap is 2.1eV. This later decreased to 2.08eV, so that increased thermal annealing reduces the optical band gap of CoO. However,the energy gap cannot be said to be dependent on the annealing temperatures. These films could be used as  photovoltaic cells, sensors light emitting diodes and also in biomedical imaging. Key Words: Nanocrystalline CoO, Chemical Bath Deposition, Band Gap and                               Thermal Annealing

Strategies to Improve Attitude of Secondary School Students towards Physics for Sustainable Technological Developmentin Abakaliki L.G.A, Ebonyi-Nigeria

This study is aimed at the strategies to improve attitude of secondary school students towards physics for sustainable technological development in Abakaliki Local Government Area of Ebonyi state. Five research questions were raised to guide the study. The population of the study consist of 270 physics teachers and students. A sample of 180 students and 18 teachers was selected through random sampling. The instrument used for data collection was  structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using mean. The findings were identifies as qualified/professional physics teachers, adequate instructional materials, equippment, teaching aids and tools, management/government intensive  funding, motivation of both teachers and students, comfortable classroom,  recommendation of textbook and comfortable library and laboratory. Based on the findings, the necessary recommendations was made. Government/school proprietor should provide teaching aids, materials and equippment for effective teaching and learning of physics. Provide incentives to physics teachers and students. The government/proprietor should provide sufficient/good classrooms, library and laboratory for students. Proper funding and timely release of fund for educational activities should be done

Impact of mothers’ socio-demographic factors and antenatal clinic attendance on neonatal mortality in Nigeria

Neonatal death is often referred to maternal complications during pregnancy, and other exogenous factors that exist around the time of birth or shortly after birth. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG)-Goal 3, Targets 3.2 aimed at ending preventable deaths of newborns by demanding that all countries should reduce neonatal mortality to 12 per 1000 live births by 2030. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between mothers’ socioeconomic and demographic factors on neonatal deaths in Nigeria. The study used quantitative data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS). The data analyzed consisted of 26,826 women aged 15–49 years who had a live or dead birth within the 5 years preceding the survey. STATA 12 computer software was used to carry out data analyses. Data analyses were at univariate (frequency distribution), bivariate (chi-square) and due to the dichotomous nature of the outcome variable (i.e., whether a child was born alive or dead during the delivery; coded as (1, 0), a binary logistic regression was carried out to examine the relationships between various socio-demographic factors, antenatal clinic attendance and neonatal mortality in Nigeria. The results, among others, revealed that background factors of the women such as age, region, residence, education, and wealth status have a significant association with neonatal mortality (P < 0.05). The study also found that adequate antenatal clinic attendance helps to reduce neonatal deaths. The study recommended that women should be encouraged to observe regular antenatal clinic visits during pregnancy and also go for institutional delivery for possible reduction of neonates and infant deaths in Nigeria