<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Cloning and characterization of a water deficit stress responsive transcription factor gene from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Oryza sativa</i> L.</span>

26-36<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Understanding the biochemical and molecular basis of drought mechanism in rice is important as drought is one of the major causes affecting rice crop adversely. A 1017 bp gene sequence encoding AP2/ERF family TF was isolated from Oryza sativa sp. Indica cv N22 encoding a protein of 338 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of 36.58 kDa, and no intron in the ORF. The gene was named as AP2/ERF-N22(2) different from the drought responsive gene AP2/ERF-N22 that we reported earlier. AP2/ERF-N22(2) has entirely different characteristics from that of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">AP2/ERF-N22. It has a single AP2 domain of 55 amino acid residues and a cluster of acidic amino acid residues at the C-terminal region, which could function as a trans-activation domain. Presence of NLS indicates that it is a nuclear localized transcription factor encoding gene. It falls in group VI L, sharing characteristic similarities. Arabidopsis members of group VI L have been shown to be involved in response to cytokinin under drought stress.</span

Functional validation of a water deficit stress responsive AP2/ERF family transcription factor-encoding gene in <em>Oryza sativa</em>

17-25Cloning of drought responsive genes and validating their function are essential to crop improvement. In the present study, a drought responsive AP2/ERF family transcription factor was isolated from drought-tolerant Oryza sativa L. cv N-22 (AP2/ERF-‘N-22’). Embryogenic calli produced in vitro from dehusked mature seeds of rice were bombarded with a gene construct containing AP2/ERF-N22, driven under inducible promoter RD29A from Arabidopsis using the Biolistic method. The bombarded calli were selected on hygromycin-containing selection medium. Molecular analysis of regenerated plants confirmed the integration and enhanced expression of the gene under water deficit stress (WDS). Transgenics showed 1.4 fold more expression as compared to wild-type (WT) under control condition and up to 2 fold more expression of AP2/ERF-‘N-22’ under water deficit stress as compared to WT. Molecular analysis of regenerated plants confirmed the integration and enhanced expression of the gene under water deficit stress. The transformation efficiency was found to be nil, 0.97% and 3.11% for overstored seeds ≥ a year, ≥a year and fresh seeds respectively. Transgenics showed 1.4 fold more expression under control condition and up to 2 fold more expression under WDS as compared to wild-type (WT). About 90% of the plants reached maturity and showed no negative phenotypic effects or aberrations as observed earlier under a constitutive promoter from that of the WT. Physiobiochemical analysis of transgenics showed enhanced drought tolerance

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Not AvailableParticipatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a technique which gives more emphasis on local knowledge end enable locals to do their own appraisal, analysis and planning on the participatory basis. In this study, a transect survey was conducted at Amba village of Ajmer, India to understand the factual needs of the farming community. The rank-based quotient (RBQ) was calculated followed by the value based Index (VBI) in order to prioritize integrated agriculture problems and their solution was given using problem-solution-tree approach. Findings indicated low productivity of animals, unavailability of irrigation water, bacterial blight in marigold, leaf blight in chrysanthemum and low yield in pearl millet as important constraints faced by the farmers. Constraints identified were categorized as problems arising out of gaps in research/extension activities in various agriculture and allied disciplines. Based on the results and necessity of the villagers, scope for research/extension and policy implications was made.Not Availabl

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Studies on Inter-Relationship and Path Coefficient Analysis for Seed Yield/Plant and Qualitative Traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. czern and cos)

The present investigation was carried out with ten Indian mustard genotypes in biochemistry laboratory of ICAR-DRMR, Bharatpur, during 2021-22. Analysis of oil, fatty acid profiling and estimation of glucosinolate was done to study the inter-relationship and path coefficient analysis between seed yield and among all nine qualitative traits taken. It is found that the genotypic correlation was higher than phenotypic correlation due to genetic effect. The positive correlation of seed yield/plant is associated at both phenotypic and genotypic levels with palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid whereas negatively associated with glucosinolate, erucic acid and eicosenoic acid. Oleic acid was positively correlated with linoleic acid. Path coefficient analysis studies revealed that the high positive direct effect on seed yield/plant was exhibited by linoleic acid, linolenic acid and stearic acid while negative direct effect by erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and eicosenoic acid on seed yield/plant. Selection of the plants based on these traits would certainly leads to improvement in seed yield

Nuclear localization and target genes analysis of an ABA and drought-responsive transcription factor (RDA1) in rice

364-374Apetala2/Ethylene Responsive Fector (AP2/ERF) family transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in controlling cellular processes and regulating important functions of plant growth and development as well as responses to environmental stimuli. AP2/ERF transcription factor responsive to drought and ABA (RDA1) from rice genotype N22 was chosen for this study. Transient expression revealed that RDA1 was localized in the nucleus. Quantitative expression studies of RDA1 under three different treatments namely drought, ABA and drought + ABA at three different stress levels showed maximum expression (3.92 fold) under drought +ABA treatment. Further, higher expression was found in N22 (drought tolerant) compared to IR 64 (susceptible) at different stress levels. Temporal expression revealed higher relative expression in leaf tissue compared to root tissue in both cultivars. RDA1 acts as a cytokinin primary response gene as per in silico characterization and many of its target genes are involved in transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational regulation of protein biosynthesis. Relative co-expression studies for target genes revealed positive co-expression of GAMYB-binding protein, leucyl tRNA synthetase and negative co-expression of ribosomal protein L7, crooked neck (CRN) protein and XPAbinding protein with RDA1. Differential co-expression of WD40 and DUF382 domain protein was observed in root and leaf tissue with RDA1

Shotgun approach reveals distinctive lipid profiles in brassica oilseeds: A high-resolution ESI-ToF-MS study

Members of Brassica seed oil are important sources of nutritionally superior edible oil. There are no comprehensive reports on complete lipidomic profile of these oilseed crops. In this study, the lipidomic profiling of edible oil from 7 different cultivated species of Brassica seed oils was performed by shotgun approach using electrospray High Resolution Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-ToF-MS). The mass spectrum under positive polarity revealed 1098 lipids under different lipid classes including sphingolipids, phospholipids and different storage lipids. Under negative polarity, 70 lipids including free fatty acids (FFA), cardiolipins and phospholipids were detected. Erucic acid in FFA form was found to be most abundant in both Yellow and Brown sarson. Brassica napus contains almost all forms of cardiolipins (CL). Out of 26 different species of cardiolipins detected in negative ion mode, CL 56:1 (FA 18:1) and CL 56:1 (FA 22:1) were present only in brown sarson. Similarly, CL 56:2 (FA 18:2) and CL 56:1 (FA 22:1) were present only in Yellow and Brown sarson. These findings enhance our understanding of the nutritional diversity in Brassica seed oils, emphasizing the significance of lipidomic analysis for elucidating the molecular composition of edible oils

Shotgun approach reveals distinctive lipid profiles in brassica oilseeds: A high-resolution ESI-ToF-MS study

Members of Brassica seed oil are important sources of nutritionally superior edible oil. There are no comprehensive reports on complete lipidomic profile of these oilseed crops. In this study, the lipidomic profiling of edible oil from 7 different cultivated species of Brassica seed oils was performed by shotgun approach using electrospray High Resolution Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-ToF-MS). The mass spectrum under positive polarity revealed 1098 lipids under different lipid classes including sphingolipids, phospholipids and different storage lipids. Under negative polarity, 70 lipids including free fatty acids (FFA), cardiolipins and phospholipids were detected. Erucic acid in FFA form was found to be most abundant in both Yellow and Brown sarson. Brassica napus contains almost all forms of cardiolipins (CL). Out of 26 different species of cardiolipins detected in negative ion mode, CL 56:1 (FA 18:1) and CL 56:1 (FA 22:1) were present only in brown sarson. Similarly, CL 56:2 (FA 18:2) and CL 56:1 (FA 22:1) were present only in Yellow and Brown sarson. These findings enhance our understanding of the nutritional diversity in Brassica seed oils, emphasizing the significance of lipidomic analysis for elucidating the molecular composition of edible oils