The top 5 canonical pathways identified for genes differentially expressed due to food-restriction.

<p>The top 5 canonical pathways identified for genes differentially expressed due to food-restriction.</p

Results from Student's t-tests for all three group comparisons.

<p>Shown are all genes reaching significance at p<0.01 and |FC≥0.5| ordered by FC. In <b>bold</b> are those genes that are up-regulated in both the Nic vs. Con and Con-Pf vs. Con comparisons.</p

Volcano plots representing group comparisons for all genes included in the analysis.

<p>x-axes represent log2 fold-changes and y-axes represent the –log10(p-values) associated with the t-statistic. Vertical dotted lines are positioned at a log2 fold-change of 0.5 or −0.5 and horizontal dotted lines are positioned at the equivalent of p = 0.01. In red are those genes that are differentially expressed at p<0.01 and log2 fold-change>0.5 or <−0.5. A) Nic vs. Con B) Nic vs. Con-Pf and C) Con vs. Con-Pf.</p

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the GO pathway “RESPONSE_TO_STRESS” in the Con vs. Con-Pf comparison.

<p>The input gene list was all genes in the microarray analysis ranked by –log10(p-value)×log2(fold change). The enrichment score profile displays an enrichment of pathway hits at the top of the list, suggesting multiple top-ranked genes involved in the “Response to stress” pathway.</p

Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of genes identified as differentially expressed in the Nic vs. Con-Pf and the Con vs. Con-Pf comparisons.

<p>On the left is the top network identified consisting of 7/12 genes in our list, and on the right is the top associated canonical pathway. Highlighted red are the genes in our list that were over-expressed due to food-restriction.</p

qRT-PCR results for differentially expressed genes in microarray analysis.

<p>qRT-PCR results for differentially expressed genes in microarray analysis.</p

Genes in the core enrichment (i.e. contributing to the maximum enrichment score for the gene set “RESPONSE_TO_STRESS”) from each gene list.

<p>Genes in the core enrichment (i.e. contributing to the maximum enrichment score for the gene set “RESPONSE_TO_STRESS”) from each gene list.</p

IPA identified a functional network of genes that included 7 genes differentially expressed due to food-restriction.

<p>In <b>bold</b> are the genes that were represented from our list of differentially expressed genes.</p

Nicotine administration and food-restriction have effects on pregnancy and birth characteristics.

<p>*p<0.05 compared to Con, #p<0.05 compared to Con-Pf.</p

qRT-PCR validation of 9 food-restriction-sensitive genes.

<p>The y-axis represents the log2(fold changes) observed in both comparisons involving the food restricted group. Differences in gene expression using qRT-PCR were consistent with microarray data. The dashed line represents the fold change cut-off (log2(fold change) >0.5) used in the microarray analysis.</p