Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.

BACKGROUND: Psychotic symptoms occur more frequently in the general population than psychotic disorder and index risk for psychopathology. Multiple studies have reported on the prevalence of these symptoms using self-report questionnaires or clinical interviews but there is a lack of consensus about the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among children and adolescents.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of all published literature on psychotic symptom prevalence in two age groups, children aged 9-12 years and adolescents aged 13-18 years, searching through electronic databases PubMed, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE up to June 2011, and extracted prevalence rates. RESULTS: We identified 19 population studies that reported on psychotic symptom prevalence among children and adolescents. The median prevalence of psychotic symptoms was 17% among children aged 9-12 years and 7.5% among adolescents aged 13-18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic symptoms are relatively common in young people, especially in childhood. Prevalence is higher in younger (9-12 years) compared to older (13-18 years) children

Recruitment to Adolescent Brain Development and Challenging Times studies.

<p>Recruitment to Adolescent Brain Development and Challenging Times studies.</p

Functional connectivity (FC) comparison between subjects with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and controls in the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN) and primary auditory cortex (A1)/secondary auditory cortex (A2).

<p>ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; dACC: dorsal ACC; CS: calcarine sulcus; DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; GR: gyrus rectus; IC: insular cortex; IFO: inferior frontal operculum; IOC: inferior orbitofrontal cortex; ITC: inferior temporal cortex; LG: lingual gyrus; MOC: middle occipital cortex; medial superior frontal cortex; OC: olfactory cortex; PCG: precentral gyrus.</p

Demographic information per group with between-group significance (p-value) shown per measure as determined by student t-test.

<p>Demographic information per group with between-group significance (p-value) shown per measure as determined by student t-test.</p