Modelado estadístico del efecto de burbujas de aire en sistemas de comunicaciones ópticos inalámbricos submarinos.

The studies regarding underwater optical communications require an in-deep characterization of the water itself since its properties of absorption and scattering of light affect the transmission in an optical link. That said, this paper presents the modeling and characterization of the statistical behavior regarding the scattering caused by air bubbles of different sizes in an underwater optical wireless channel. It also provides the best statistical fitting according to each case in which a bimodal statistical form was discovered for a large-size air bubbles matter. Furthermore, it explains how all the assembly and installation are made at the laboratory in order to achieve the results obtained. It also features an audio interface as an easy way to get data variations.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

On the Effect of Air Bubbles-Induced Scattering on Turbid Waters: An Experimental UOWC Channel Modeling Approach

The influence of the oceanic medium on the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) highlights the need for an accurate mathematical channel characterization that models the properties of realistic oceanic environments, significantly optimizing the development of practical UOWC system designs. However, a need remains to provide a deeper insight into the behavior of air bubbles in turbid waters. This article presents an analysis and a statistical characterization of the received optical power fluctuations when considering different air bubble sizes and levels of particle-induced scattering. Experimental measurements were conducted in a water tank, manipulating water turbidity levels by dissolving a commercial antacid. Afterward, some evaluation metrics, such as the scintillation index, the average outage duration, and the coherence time, are calculated to provide an analytical framework of the air bubbles-induced fading in turbid environments. Additionally, the statistical behavior of small and large air bubbles are analytically described through the generalized Gamma distribution and a mixture of two generalized Gamma distributions, respectively, and validated with a coefficient of determination above 0.95 for all the considered turbid waters. Results demonstrate that water turbidity dramatically affects the stochastic behavior of the underwater channel in the presence of air bubbles, resulting in a significant reduction in light blockage due to the collection of scattered photons. As a result, the scintillation index and the average outage duration are noticeably reduced for more turbid water