Cerebellar voxel placement.

<p>Location of ¹H MR spectroscopy voxel within the right cerebellar hemisphere (top row) and superior vermis (bottom row).</p

Grey matter voxel-based morphometry.

<div><p>Areas of reduced grey matter density (depicted on the MNI152 brain) compared to age- and sex-matched controls using voxel based morphometry (highlighted areas, corrected, p<0.05). </p> <p>A) Patients with GA show pancerebellar grey matter reduction. B) Patients with ACAA show cerebellar hemispheric grey matter reduction as well as cingulate gyrus and inferior frontal lobe involvement. C) Patients with ataxia due to chronic alcohol abuse that also demonstrate sensitivity to gluten. Note this is the same pattern of disease as shown in patients with ACAA (B) and differs to that of GA(A). </p></div

CIPN-myeloma patients demonstrated a0 hyper-activation of precuneus during heat-pain stimulation, compared with healthy volunteers.

<p>Functional imaging data are shown overlaid on both axial (z = 27 mm) and sagittal (x = −18 mm) slices through a canonical single-subject T1-weighted image. For display purposes, the statistical threshold is p<0.001, uncorrected, at the voxel-level. <b>b) Contrast estimates and 90% CI at co-ordinate −18, −61, 27 for both healthy volunteer and CIPN-myeloma patient groups.</b></p

CIPN-myeloma patients demonstrated a) hypo-activation of superior frontal gyrus during heat-pain stimulation, compared with healthy volunteers.

<p>Functional imaging data are shown overlaid on both axial (z = 48 mm) and sagittal (x = 6 mm) slices through a canonical single-subject T1-weighted image. For display purposes, the statistical threshold is p<0.001, uncorrected, at the voxel-level. <b>b) Contrast estimates and 90% CI at co-ordinate 6, 39, 48 for both healthy volunteer and CIPN-myeloma patient groups.</b></p

Anatomical regions showing areas where statistical significant BOLD fMRI response to heat-pain stimuli were greater than baseline temperature for Healthy Volunteers and myeloma patients with CIPN.

<p><b>*</b>Voxels  =  number of voxels exceeding threshold p<0.001, uncorrected</p

Group median [IQR] temperature for pain stimulation and pain rating.

<p>Group median [IQR] temperature for pain stimulation and pain rating.</p

Baseline characteristics (median [IQR]) of the subjects recruited.

<p>Baseline characteristics (median [IQR]) of the subjects recruited.</p

a: CIPN-myeloma patients demonstrated activation in the operculo-insular cortex.

<p>This activation was during painful heat stimulation, the degree of which correlated with TNS-reduced version. For display purposes, the statistical threshold is p<0.001, uncorrected, at the voxel-level. <b>b: Linear correlation between the TNS-reduced version and BOLD response within the operculo-insular cortex.</b></p

SUDOSCAN.

<p>SUDOSCAN.</p

Demographics characteristics and SUDOSCAN outcomes of study subjects.

<p>JND, Just Noticeable Difference; NCS, Nerve Conduction Study; AFT, Autonomic Function Tests; FESC, Foot Electrochemical Skin Conductance; HESC, Hand Electrochemical Skin Conductance; CAN, Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy, CAN-RS, Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Risk Score.</p><p>Demographics characteristics and SUDOSCAN outcomes of study subjects.</p