Early glandular neoplasia of the lung

Although bronchogenic carcinomas progress through a very well defined sequence of metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, very little is known about the early progression of glandular neoplasms of the lung. In particular, the early precursor lesion from which fully malignant adenocarcinomas arise has effectively eluded recognition, at least until recently. Several lines of evidence now implicate atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) as an initial morphologic stage in multistep lung tumorigenesis. Despite its small size, AAH can be appreciated at the light microscopic level and characterized at the molecular genetic level. Indeed, the genetic characterization of AAH promises to further our understanding of lung cancer development and might facilitate the design of novel strategies for early detection of lung cancer

Bioinformatic Characterization of P-Type ATPases Encoded Within the Fully Sequenced Genomes of 26 Eukaryotes

P-type ATPases play essential roles in numerous processes, which in humans include nerve impulse propagation, relaxation of muscle fibers, secretion and absorption in the kidney, acidification of the stomach and nutrient absorption in the intestine. Published evidence suggests that uncharacterized families of P-type ATPases with novel specificities exist. In this study, the fully sequenced genomes of 26 eukaryotes, including animals, plants, fungi and unicellular eukaryotes, were analyzed for P-type ATPases. We report the organismal distributions, phylogenetic relationships, probable topologies and conserved motifs of nine functionally characterized families and 13 uncharacterized families of these enzyme transporters. We have classified these proteins according to the conventions of the functional and phylogenetic IUBMB-approved transporter classification system (www.tcdb.org, Saier et al. in Nucleic Acids Res 34:181–186, 2006; Nucleic Acids Res 37:274–278, 2009)

Observer variability studies of the WHO classification of lung cancer.

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A dual-receiving visible-light communication system for intelligent transportation system

Wireless communication has been identified as the key enabling technology in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Visible-light communication (VLC) presents an alternative to other existing wireless technologies to enable infrastructure-to- vehicle communication in ITS. In this paper, we identify the major limitations in implementing VLC on outdoor environment. Next, we introduce a new and innovative receiver design with dual reception and effective ambient-light rejection capabilities. Simulation results show that our newly proposed receiver is able to achieve greater communication range and receivable information with an average improvement of 20 m and 10 Mbits during daytime, respectively

Statistical analysis and modelling of one-minute global solar irradiance for a tropical country

In-depth knowledge and understanding pertaining to the characteristics and short-term variations of solar radiation are essential, to promote the efficient utilization of solar energy. In particular, these findings are beneficial to tropical locations that are geographically positioned at the center of the “solar belt”, due to the abundant and persistent solar radiation encountered throughout the year, albeit limited by the scarcity of relevant research efforts till date. In this paper, we analyze the probability density distribution of the clearness index for short-term variations of solar radiation at the surface, conditioned to the relative optical air mass by employing the one-minute global solar irradiance measured over a one-year period in the tropical location of Sepang, Malaysia. We show that the temporal variability of solar irradiance for the location under study exhibits bimodal behavior, and reveal that the observed characteristics of the density distribution disappear with increasing relative optical air mass. Next, we model the probability density distributions of the one-minute clearness index as a mixture of two normal functions. The parameters taken into account in the proposed model show strong dependency on the relative optical air mass