文法を中心とした英語力測定法と大学英語再教育 : 英語基礎力向上を目指して

This is the final report of a three-year research project (2004-2006) that aimed to develop a diagnostic and evaluation test of Toyo Eiwa freshman students\u27 English proficiency for the purpose of placement and formulating teaching goals. It follows the two reports: "Reconsideration of Grammar in English Teaching: A Research on the Grammatical Items to Test the Students\u27 English Proficiency" Ronshu (2007) and English Education Workshop (2007). Analyses of the results of the second experimental diagnostic and evaluation test (Test β ) suggest that (1) a more complete knowledge of grammar be needed to fill gaps in students\u27 general understanding of English and also to improve students\u27 communicative competence in English, that (2) a grammar-centered proficiency test should vary for placement and teaching, that (3) there are some grammatical items that can effectively indicate where a learner stands in their understanding of English syntax, and the application of recent, emerging linguistic theory, which encourages students to participate in more classroom activities, should work well in the teaching of English grammar at the university level, and that (4) a deficient knowledge of basic English sentence patterns can obstruct effective English learning, and it is recommended to acquire essential knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary in pattern practice activities. To sum up, to conduct a grammar-centered diagnostic and evaluation test of English is not only the beginning of remedial English education but is also that of an active learning classroom approach toward full English proficiency at the university level

英語教育の中に捉え直される文法 : 英語力を測定するための文法項目に関する研究

This is a three-year research project (2004-2006) that aims to develop a diagnostic and/or evaluation test of Toyo Eiwa freshman students\u27 English proficiency for the purpose of placement and formulating teaching goals. The interim report consists of 3 parts. The first part is an analysis of TOEIC-IP and G-TELP Level 4 results. A correlation between quality of grammatical knowledge and high scores, and a stronger correlation between grammar and reading scores than that between grammar and listening scores were found. Another analysis of the preliminary grammar tests administered during the classtime indicates that students with low scores have not learned properly how forms of the words and their grammatical functions work to make a complete sentence. In general, the students\u27 grammatical errors can be ascribed to their insufficient understanding of parts of speech which act as main elements of the five basic sentence patterns, especially regarding their morphological distinctions. In Part II, the results of an experimental diagnostic and/or evaluation test reconfirm (1) that the level of students\u27 English proficiency shows some distinctive aspects of interlanguage with possible future improvements, (2) that a grammar-centered paper test has some problems to overcome concerning its reliability, mainly because it is not done in the natural speech environment, (3) that it requires more improvements for a test based upon students\u27 need analysis, and further development of a verification system for washback effects in the students\u27 English learning motivation, and (4) that the first step to have the most fundamental English language ability is to understand the five basic sentence patterns by identifying, syntactically and morphologically, the parts of speech in a sentence. Finally, Part III is an argument that the English competence of university students should be built based on their firm acquisition of fundamental grammar, and reinforced by a deeper understanding of the English language system and culture, not to mention, English literature

Optimum Arrangement of Secondary Sources and Error Sensors for Active Noise Barrier

INTERNOISE2000: the 29th international congress on noise control engineering, August 27-31, 2000, Nice, France.We have researched on the rational design method of active noise barrier based on the boundary surface control principle. This active noise barrier is composed of a conventional barrier, multiple secondary sources and multiple error sensors. The secondary sources and the error sensors are located on a surface in parallel with the barrier. By using this, we can control noise not only at the error sensor point but also at the other points in a wide area. In this paper, we study on the position of the secondary sources and the error sensors by calculating the control effect using the two-dimensional numerical method. The results show that: (1) the interval between the secondary sources should be less than the half of the wavelength at the frequency considered; and (2) increasing the distance between the error sensor and the secondary source improves effectiveness

Numerical study of active noise barrier based on the boundary surface control principle

Active1999: International Symposium on Active Control of Sound and Vibration, December 2-4, 1999, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA

Balloon Dilatation of a Case of Tuberculous Tracheobronchial Stenoses during the Course of Antituberculous Treatment

We report a case of posttuberculosis (TB) tracheobronchial stenoses presented with progressive exertional dyspnea during the course of anti-TB treatment. An 83-year-old Japanese man was admitted for progressive dyspnea; chest X-ray and CT showed stenosis of distal trachea and left main bronchus. Pulmonary function test revealed reduction of FEV1. Balloon dilatation without stent insertion was the choice for this patient for multiple reasons with marked improvement of symptoms