BATTLE: Genetically Engineered Strategies for Split-Tunable Allocation of Multiple Transgenes in the Nervous System

Elucidating fine architectures and functions of cellular and synaptic connections requires development of new flexible methods. Here, we created a concept called the “battle of transgenes,” based on which we generated strategies using genetically engineered battles of multiple recombinases. The strategies enabled split-tunable allocation of multiple transgenes. We demonstrated the versatility of these strategies and technologies in inducing strong and multi-sparse allocations of multiple transgenes. Furthermore, the combination of our transgenic strategy and expansion microscopy enabled three-dimensional high-resolution imaging of whole synaptic structures in the hippocampus with simultaneous visualizations of endogenous synaptic proteins. These strategies and technologies based on the battle of genes may accelerate the analysis of whole synaptic and cellular connections in diverse life science fields

BATTLE: Genetically Engineered Strategies for Split-Tunable Allocation of Multiple Transgenes in the Nervous System

Elucidating fine architectures and functions of cellular and synaptic connections requires development of new flexible methods. Here, we created a concept called the “battle of transgenes,” based on which we generated strategies using genetically engineered battles of multiple recombinases. The strategies enabled split-tunable allocation of multiple transgenes. We demonstrated the versatility of these strategies and technologies in inducing strong and multi-sparse allocations of multiple transgenes. Furthermore, the combination of our transgenic strategy and expansion microscopy enabled three-dimensional high-resolution imaging of whole synaptic structures in the hippocampus with simultaneous visualizations of endogenous synaptic proteins. These strategies and technologies based on the battle of genes may accelerate the analysis of whole synaptic and cellular connections in diverse life science fields

Redutores de pH e complexantes de metais em condições de laboratório

The research aimed to evaluate the behavior of various pH reducers and metals complexers, under laboratory conditions. Were used 15 commercial products (10 pH reducers and 5 metals complexers), added to the spray mix. Five experiments were conducted; two to assess the stability of pH, after addition of pH reducers (Experiment 1) and metals complexers (Experiment 2) at 1% concentration, two to determine the necessary quantity of pH reducers (Experiment 3) and metals complexers (Experiment 4) to pH 3.5, an experiment to evaluate the reduction Ca activity in CaCO3, after addition of metals complexers (Experiment 5). Treatments with pH reducers do not differ and were statistically lower than the control (Experiment 1). Redumax was the complexer which has the lowest pH of the solution, with pH 1.3 (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, pH Fos (0.06 L), P 30 (0.07 L) and Ubyphos (0.08 L) were the products that were used the smaller rate to reduce pH. The largest rate necessary was observed for NP10 with 0.8 L (Experiment 3). The product that uses the smallest volume in Experiment 4 was Redumax (0.12 L). L1 was the complexer that required higher rate, with 3.56 L (Experiment 4). No significant difference between L1 and control in Experiment 5, showing that this product does not confer complexant action.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, em condições de laboratório, o comportamento de diversos redutores de pH e complexantes de metais utilizados comercialmente. Foram utilizados 15 produtos comerciais, sendo 10 redutores de pH e 5 complexantes de metais, adicionados à calda de pulverização. Foram conduzidos cinco experimentos; dois visando avaliar a estabilidade de pH, após a adição de redutores de pH (Experimento 1) e complexantes de metais (Experimento 2) a 1% de concentração na calda, dois com o intuito de determinar a quantidade necessária de redutor (Experimento 3) e complexantes de metais (Experimento 4) para o pH da calda atingir valores próximos a 3,5, além de um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a redução da atividade do cálcio em CaCO3, após a adição dos complexantes de metais (Experimento 5). No Experimento 1, os tratamentos com redutores não diferenciaram entre si e apresentaram valores de pH inferiores à testemunha. Redumax destacou-se como o complexante que proporcionou o menor pH da calda, com valor médio de pH 1,3 (Experimento 2). No experimento 3, pH Fós (0,06 L), P 30 (0,07 L) e Ubyphos (0,08 L) foram os produtos em que empregaram-se as menores doses para a redução do pH da calda. O maior volume necessário para reduzir o pH, foi observado para o NP10, com 0,8 L (Experimento 3). O produto que utilizou o menor volume no Experimento 4 foi o Redumax com 0,12 L. O complexante que necessitou de volume maior foi o L1, com 3,56 L (Experimento 4). No Experimento 5, independente do nível de dureza avaliado, não houve diferença significativa entre L1 e a testemunha, evidenciando que este produto não conferiu ação complexante

Adição de redutores de pH e doses de glyphosate na dessecação de plantas daninhas

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence from the addition of pH reducers and rates of glyphosate in the spray mix to Euphorbia heterophylla and Glycine max control. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme (4 x 2) + 1, randomized blocks design and four replications. Each experiment used a pH reducer (pH Fós ou Redumax), four rates of reducer (0, 50, 75 and 100% of the rate recommended), two rates of glyphosate (450 and 900 g ha-1) and an untreated check. The weed control was evaluated at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days after application (DAA) of treatments, in visual scale from 0 to 100% of control. In both experiments, 450 g ha-1 glyphosate, the addition of reducers in the spray mix provided greater weed control in relation to only glyphosate. There was no difference in 50, 75 and 100% of the rate recommended of reducers. With the use of adjuvant has a satisfactory control with half the recommended rate of glyphosate at 14 DAA. These results demonstrate the possibility of reduced rates of glyphosate when used these adjuvants in the spray mix.Foram conduzidos dois experimentos visando avaliar a influência de redutores de pH e doses de glyphosate associados à calda de pulverização sobre a dessecação de Euphorbia heterophylla (Amendoim–bravo) e Glycine max (Soja tiguera). Adotou-se o esquema fatorial (4 x 2) + 1, em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foi utilizado um redutor comercial em cada experimento (pH Fós ou Redumax), sendo quatro doses do redutor (0, 50, 75 e 100% da dose recomendada pelo fabricante) e duas doses de glyphosate (450 e 900 g ha-1), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. O controle das plantas daninhas foi avaliado aos 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 dias após a aplicação (DAA) dos tratamentos, em escala visual de 0 a 100% de controle. Em ambos os experimentos, na dose de 450 g ha-1 de glyphosate, a adição de redutores à calda de pulverização proporcionou maior controle das plantas daninhas, em relação ao uso de glyphosate isolado. Não houve diferenças no desempenho proporcionado pelas quantidades de 50, 75 e 100% da dose recomendada dos redutores, em todas as avaliações. Constatou-se ainda que aos 14 DAA, o uso de adjuvante permitiu um controle satisfatório com metade da dose de glyphosate recomendada. Tais resultados evidenciam a possibilidade de redução na dose de glyphosate quando forem utilizados esses adjuvantes

回腸への虫垂先端部癒着による絞扼性小腸閉塞

Adhesion resulting from past abdominal surgeries account for the vast majority of small bowel obstruction cases. We report a rare case of strangulated ileal obstruction caused by an appendiceal adhesion to the ileum in which an aperture was formed that permitted herniation of ileal loops. CT demonstrated distended small bowel loops and collapsed cecum and ascending colon, which indicated small bowel obstruction. During laparoscopic surgery, the tip of the appendix was found to adhere to the ileum at 80 cm proximal to the ileo-cecal valve, forming an aperture that permitted herniation of the distal ileum, which resulted in a closed-loop ileal obstruction. Adhesion of the appendix as a cause of bowel obstruction and strangulation is rare, but physicians should be familiar with this pathological condition.61歳女。57歳時に腹腔鏡下粘膜切除による胃癌切除の病歴がある。下腹部痛を主訴に受診した。腹部造影CTをはじめとする画像検査の結果から腸管ループの形成と腸管ループによる小腸の絞扼を認め、小腸閉塞症と診断した。さらに、追加のCT検査は虫垂先端の回腸への癒着所見を呈し、この癒着が腸管ループ形成の原因と考えられた。癒着剥離とイレウス解除を目的として、腹腔鏡下において癒着部位の切除とイレウス解除術を施術した。患者は術後14日目に問題なく退院した

DECIGO pathfinder

DECIGO pathfinder (DPF) is a milestone satellite mission for DECIGO (DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory) which is a future space gravitational wave antenna. DECIGO is expected to provide us fruitful insights into the universe, in particular about dark energy, a formation mechanism of supermassive black holes, and the inflation of the universe. Since DECIGO will be an extremely large mission which will formed by three drag-free spacecraft with 1000m separation, it is significant to gain the technical feasibility of DECIGO before its planned launch in 2024. Thus, we are planning to launch two milestone missions: DPF and pre-DECIGO. The conceptual design and current status of the first milestone mission, DPF, are reviewed in this article

Naturally shrunk visceral artery aneurysms by stenting for the superior mesenteric artery occlusion.

A 77-year-old woman who had experienced postprandial abdominal pain for four years was admitted to our institution presenting sudden and severe abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) demonstrated complete short-segmented occlusion in the orifice of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and saccular aneurysms in the right hepatic artery and the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. She was diagnosed with abdominal angina due to occlusion of the SMA. The SMA was recanalized by stenting, and a CECT scan confirmed naturally shrunk aneurysms after eight months. The patency of the SMA was maintained at five years after endovascular treatment

Foreign-body granulomas and abscesses caused by dropped gallstones after cholecystectomy : Four cases diagnosed with multimodality imaging.

Four cases (age range, 60-78 years, male:female = 1:3) who had undergone cholecystectomy presented with fever (n = 1), right abdominal pain with fever (n = 1), appetite loss with fever (n = 1), and absence of symptoms (n = 1). Computed tomography (CT) showed an irregular-shaped invasive mass or fluid collection in the right Morrison\u27s pouch, right paracolic gutter, gallbladder fossa, subphrenic space, or abdominal wall. CT and ultrasound revealed gallstones in the granuloma in 3 cases and an abscess in one case. The inflammatory process induced by dropped gallstones may mimic peritoneal malignancies. Awareness of cholecystectomy and the detection of gallstones in the lesion are essential for the diagnosis of dropped gallstones