Mechanical characteristics of groundnut shell particle reinforced polylactide nano fibre

ABSTRACT The PLA-groundnut shell solution is electrospun to produce nanocomposite fibre. The spinneret containing the composite solution was placed 24.7 cm away from the aluminium collector, tilted at an angle of 30 °, and the solution flow rate kept at 1 mL/min. Groundnut Shell particle (GSP) weight fraction used was varied from 3 - 8 wt. %. Particle reinforced nanofibres were formed on the collector from the composite solution at 26 kV. These nanofibres were subjected to tensile test and the result indicates that at 6 wt. % untreated GSP reinforced fibre possessed the best tensile stiffness of 24.62 MPa. This corresponds to 2.201 % increase in Modulus of Elasticity over the unreinforced PLA (1.07 MPa). The 7 wt. % treated GSP fibre showed the least stiffness (0.33 MPa), which is 69 % reduction over that of unreinforced fibre. PLA fibre reinforced with 5 wt. % untreated GSP displayed best blend of properties over the unreinforced with increase of 286 % (4.43 x 10-4 HB), 1,502 % (1.07 MPa), 286 % (0.22 MPa), 6.8 % (0.05 J) and 1,081 % (~ 0.15 MPa) in hardness, stiffness, UTS, energy at break and stress at break respectively. However, ductility decreased by ~33.3 % when compared to the unreinforced (18.27). The 5 wt. % untreated GSP PLA reinforced fibre showed the highest UTS (0.855 MPa). The micrographs showed beads on reinforced fibres, while the virgin PLA showed no beads

Dinâmica do conteúdo de monossacarídeos em gemas e ramos de dois anos de macieira durante a endodormência Dynamics of monosaccharides content in two year old buds and stems of apple tree during the dormancy period

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as variações do conteúdo de glucose, frutose e sorbitol em gemas e ramos de dois anos de macieira que receberam ou não frio suplementar durante o período de dormência. Os ramos da cultivar Imperial Gala foram coletados em Porto Amazonas-PR, região de baixa ocorrência de frio, em intervalos de 21 dias, de abril a agosto, e receberam ou não tratamento com frio suplementar de 1.440 horas, à temperatura de 4 a 7&deg;C. As análises dos monossacarídeos foram realizadas em gemas e porções de ramos adjacentes a elas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Houve acúmulo de glucose e frutose em gemas de macieira de abril a agosto, e este aumento foi estimulado pelo tratamento com 1.440 horas de frio. O conteúdo de glucose e frutose nos ramos adjacentes às gemas elevou-se de abril ao início de agosto, com posterior queda no final de agosto e o tratamento com frio antecipou esta dinâmica. O conteúdo de sorbitol em gemas e ramos de macieira oscilou de abril a agosto, e sua dinâmica foi alterada pelo frio.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the variation of glucose, fructose and sorbitol content in two year old buds and stems of apple trees during the dormancy period. Stems of cv. Imperial Gala were collected in Porto Amazonas, Parana State, Brazil, a region of low chill occurence, at intervals of 21 days from April to August and were treated or not with 1,440 hours of chill (4 to 7&deg;C). The monosaccharides were analysed in buds and stem tissues close to buds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There was an increase of glucose and fructose content in buds from April to August and it was stimulated by the chill treatment. The glucose and fructose content in stems increased from April to August 2nd followed by a reduction in August 23rd and the chill treatment advanced this dynamics. The sorbitol content in buds and stems of apple tree oscillated from April to August and its dynamics was modified by the chill treatment