Electrical Resistivity of Laves Phase Compounds Containing Transition Elements : I. Fe_2A (A=Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta)(Physics)

The electrical resistivity of a series of Fe_2A Laves phase compounds was measured in order to investigate its mutual correlation with their magnetic properties. In the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic Fe_2A compounds (A=Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, and U), a linear relation between the magnetic resistivity at temperatures above the Curie or Neel point and the localized magnetic moment was found, which means that the magnetic resistivity of these compounds is governed by the magnitude of magnetic moments. The electrical resistivity in the Pauli-paramagnetic Fe_Nb_ and Fe_Ta_ compounds with x≈0 shows a fairly large temperature variation, which seems to be due to the paramagnon scattering, whereas ρ-T curves in the iron-rich compounds suggest that the appearance of ferromagnetism is caused by the existence of the excess iron atoms occupying the wrong atomic sites

Natural Evolution Strategy for Mixed-Integer Black-Box Optimization

This paper proposes a natural evolution strategy (NES) for mixed-integer black-box optimization (MI-BBO) that appears in real-world problems such as hyperparameter optimization of machine learning and materials design. This problem is difficult to optimize because plateaus where the values do not change appear when the integer variables are relaxed to the continuous ones. CMA-ES w. Margin that addresses the plateaus reportedly showed good performance on MI-BBO benchmark problems. However, it has been observed that the search performance of CMA-ES w. Margin deteriorates when continuous variables contribute more to the objective function value than integer ones. In order to address the problem of CMA-ES w. Margin, we propose Distance-weighted eXponential Natural Evolution Strategy taking account of Implicit Constraint and Integer (DX-NES-ICI). We compare the search performance of DX-NES-ICI with that of CMA-ES w. Margin through numerical experiments. As a result, DX-NES-ICI was up to 3.7 times better than CMA-ES w. Margin in terms of a rate of finding the optimal solutions on benchmark problems where continuous variables contribute more to the objective function value than integer ones. DX-NES-ICI also outperformed CMA-ES w. Margin on problems where CMA-ES w. Margin originally showed good performance.Comment: Accepted for GECCO'2

A hyperbolic decay of subjective probability of obtaining delayed rewards

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hyperbolic discounting of delayed and probabilistic outcomes has drawn attention in psychopharmacology and neuroeconomics. Sozou's evolutionary theory proposed that hyperbolic delay discounting may be totally attributable to aversion to a decrease in subjective probability of obtaining delayed rewards (SP) which follows a hyperbolic decay function. However, to date, no empirical study examined the hypothesis, although this investigation is important for elucidating the roles of impatience, precaution, and uncertainty aversion in delay discounting processes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to (i) determine the functional form of the relation between delay until receipt and SP, and (ii) examine whether delay discounting is attributable to a decrease in SP, we assessed the subjects' SP and their delay and probability discounting. We examined the fitness of hyperbolic and exponential functions to the assessed SP, and relations between the SP, and delay/probability discounting, and subjective-probability discounting for delayed rewards.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results demonstrated (a) SP decayed hyperbolically as delay increases, (b) a decay of SP was associated with delay discounting, and (c) subjective-probability discounting did not significantly correlate with delay discounting.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results demonstrated (i) hyperbolic decay of SP is related to delay discounting, and (ii) delay discounting is, however, not attributable to precautious foresight in intertemporal choice. Further, a novel parameter of pure time preference is proposed.</p

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a minute intramucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett\u27s esophagus.

A 73-year-old man with short segmental Barrett\u27s esophagus underwent esophagoscopy, and a slightly depressed, discolored lesion was found on the anterior wall of the lower esophagus. Under a provisional diagnosis of differentiated adenocarcinoma without local lymph node metastasis, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was carried out. En bloc resection with tumor-free lateral/basal margins was accomplished without complication. The resected area was 12 x 15 mm in size, whereas the neoplastic lesion was 4 x 4 mm. Histopathological examination confirmed intramucosal well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma without angiolymphatic invasion adjacent to the muscularis mucosae. Repeated esophagoscopy 6 months after ESD showed neither locally recurrent nor metachronous lesions. Considering that Barrett\u27s esophagus is a precancerous condition, one may recommend eradication of both the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion with using ESD.Without Figure

World Robot Challenge 2020 -- Partner Robot: A Data-Driven Approach for Room Tidying with Mobile Manipulator

Tidying up a household environment using a mobile manipulator poses various challenges in robotics, such as adaptation to large real-world environmental variations, and safe and robust deployment in the presence of humans.The Partner Robot Challenge in World Robot Challenge (WRC) 2020, a global competition held in September 2021, benchmarked tidying tasks in the real home environments, and importantly, tested for full system performances.For this challenge, we developed an entire household service robot system, which leverages a data-driven approach to adapt to numerous edge cases that occur during the execution, instead of classical manual pre-programmed solutions. In this paper, we describe the core ingredients of the proposed robot system, including visual recognition, object manipulation, and motion planning. Our robot system won the second prize, verifying the effectiveness and potential of data-driven robot systems for mobile manipulation in home environments