Seasonal Metal Distribution in Ondo Coastal Sediment, Nigeria

The distribution of heavy metals in streambed sediment from an oil-producing region in Nigeria has been examined between the two distinct seasons (dry and wet). The highest mean concentration duringthe dry season (wet season in brackets) was 2083.3±355.5 (2264.2±347.3)mg/kg Cu and 0.16±0.06 (0.19±0.09)mg/kg Zn respectively. With similar patterns at both seasons, the order of increasing concentration was Z

Occurrence and Toxicity of Hydrocarbon Residues in Crab (Callinectes sapidus) from Contaminated Site

To elucidate seasonal changes in hydrocarbons including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to oil spill, tissues of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) were investigated. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) concentrations ranged from 0.17-0.32ìg/gdw and 0.28-0.62ìg/gdw during the dry and wet seasons respectively. Thetissues accumulate a complex spectrum dominated by heavier hydrocarbons, alkylsubstituted and PAHs. The impact of biogenic contribution through dietary uptake was related to the elevated levels, particularly of the PAHs. Studies of other site specific, resident organism are recommended in order to be able to establish the extent of toxicit

Seasonal Metal Distribution in Ondo Coastal Sediment, Nigeria

The distribution of heavy metals in streambed sediment from an oil-producing region in Nigeria has been examined between the two distinct seasons (dry and wet). The highest mean concentration duringthe dry season (wet season in brackets) was 2083.3±355.5 (2264.2±347.3)mg/kg Cu and 0.16±0.06 (0.19±0.09)mg/kg Zn respectively. With similar patterns at both seasons, the order of increasing concentration was Z

Chemical evaluation of winged beans (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus), Pitanga cherries (Eugenia uniflora) and orchid fruit (Orchid fruit myristica)

The proximate, mineral and sugar compositions of winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), Pitanga Cherries (Eugenia uniflora) and Orchid Fruit (Orchid fruit myristica) and physico-chemical properties of their oils were determined using standard methods. All the samples were found to be rich in proteins (winged beans 33.83 %, pitanga cherries 14.71 % and orchid fruit 17.96 %). Each of the samples also had a considerably high amount of carbohydrate (22.30 %, 38.55% and 26.45 % in winged beans, pitanga cherries and orchid fruit, respectively). Orchid fruit had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) fat content of 34.36 % as compared to 17.51 % found in winged beans, and 15.62 % in pitanga cherries. Winged beans had the highest crude fiber (12.23 %) while orchid fruit had 6.03%and pitanga cherries had 9.77%. Winged bean and orchid fruit had similar (P > 0.05) water content, which is significantly different from pitanga cherries. Iron, cadmium, lead and manganese were absent in all the samples. Copper and calcium were absent in pitanga cherries. Pitanga cherries had the highest composition (g/100g) of sugar, winged beans ranked next, while orchid fruit had low sugar content. The peroxide values of the oil of the various samples ranged between 11.41 and 12.91 meq/kg, while the saponification values ranged between 182.58 and 191.05 mgKOH/g. The unsaponifiable matter was very low in pitanga cherries compared with winged beans and orchid fruit. The acid value rangedbetween 0.71 and 2.82 mg/KOH/g while iodine value ranged between 91.15 and 144.57. The refractive index ranged between 1.465 and 1.474 in all the samples. Based on the results of this study, winged beans could be useful in the formulation of infant formula, pitanga cherries in the production of fruit jam and as a flavour in food drinks, because of its sugar contents, while orchid fruit—which has very high oil content—could be used as a spice

Effect of drying methods on the chemical composition of three species of fish (Bonga spp., Sardinella spp. and Heterotis niloticus)

Three methods of drying (oven, sun and smoke) were used to dry Bonga spp., Sardinella spp. and Heterotis niloticus. The physico-chemical and minerals contents of the sample were determined using standard methods. Oven dried H. niloticus recorded the highest (16.42%) moisture content while the least moisture content 9.27% were obtained in oven-dried and sun-dried Sardinella sp. Highest protein content (51.06%) was found in sundried Sardinella sp., while the highest and the least fat value of 60.36% and 12.13% were recorded for smoke-dried and sun-dried H. niloticus, respectively. Banga sp. have the highest ash content of all the fish evaluated for proximate composition. The highest value of the major elements were obtained in this decreasing order K > Na > Mg > Ca in Sardinella sp. (ovendried) H. niloticus (sun-dried) H. niloticus (smoke-dried) and Sardinella sp. (oven-dried). The highest value of major element K (250 mg), Na (218 mg), Mg (183 mg) and Ca (150 mg) were obtained inSardinella sp. (oven-dried), H. niloticus (sun-dried), H. niloticus (smoke-dried) and Sardinella sp. (oven-dried), respectively. Zinc had the highest value of all the trace elements determined while Copper had the least value. Smoke-dried and oven-dried sample were found most palatable by the panellists, while the ones with most attractive colour were smoke-dried samples

Coagulation / flocculation process in the removal of trace metals present in industrial wastewater

Attempts were made in this study to examine the effectiveness of polymer addition to coagulation process during treatment of a beverage industrial wastewater to remove some of its trace metals content such as lead, cadmium, total iron, total chromium, nickel and zinc. Experiments were conducted using the standard Jar test procedure to determine the performance of both ferric chloride and organic polymer (a non-ionic polyacrylamide) individually and ferric chloride-polymer combination. The dosages used for ferric chloride ranged from 0 to 500mg/l, whereas polymer dosages varied between 0 and 100mg/l. The (optimal) removal efficiency for total chromium in the wastewater was obtained at 300mg /l for ferric chloride and 65mg/l for polymer. Whereas for zinc and total iron, the optimal removal efficiencies were obtained at 500mg/l for ferric chloride and 65mg/l for polymer. Addition of ferric chloride resulted in significant removal of the metals reaching up to 91%, 72% and 54% of total chromium, zinc and total iron respectively while addition of polymer achieved 95%, 87% and 88% of total chromium, zinc and total iron respectively. Ferric chloride produced more voluminous and more compacted sludge than polymer. Combinations of ferric chloride and polymer at different ratio achieved better removal efficiencies of the metals in the range 84-97% for total chromium, 69-90% for zinc and 69-92% for total iron, also less sludge was produced. Lead, cadmium and nickel were not detected in the raw wastewater. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 10(3) 2006: 159-16