ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПАЛИВИЗУМАБА В СНИЖЕНИИ ЧАСТОТЫ ГОСПИТАЛИЗАЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ С РСВ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ В ГРУППАХ ВЫСОКОГО РИСКА: ПРОСПЕКТИВНОЕ НАБЛЮДАТЕЛЬНОЕ МНОГОЦЕНТРОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

Background: Palivizumab is indicated for the prevention of serious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infants.Aims: The purpose of the study was to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of palivizumab in children at high risk for serious RSV disease during the 2014−2015 RSV season in the Russian Federation.Methods: A prospective, observational, multicentre, cohort study was conducted in a population of infants at high-risk for serious RSV illness: infants born ≤35 weeks of gestation and infants ≤24 months with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BDP) or congenital heart disease (CHD), who were administered palivizumab immunoprophylaxis in routine clinical settings. The study was conducted at 16 investigational sites of European Russia and Western Siberia.Results: A total of 359 infants were enrolled (180 boys and 179 girls). Of them, 148 (41.2%) infants had BDP, 45 (12.5%) infants had hemodynamically significant CHD, and 166 (46.2%) children of prematurity were at the risk of RSV. The majority of infants (86.9%) received three or more injections during the course of study. Of the 359 participants enrolled, 11 (3.1%; 95% CI 1.5−5.4) patients were hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection. A RSV diagnostic test was performed in 9 infants, and RSV was detected in one patient giving an overall incidence of RSV hospitalization as 0.3% (95% CI 0.0−1.5).Conclusions: This study showed that immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab was associated with a low rate of RSV hospitalization. Overall, therapy with palivizumab was well-tolerated and showed a favourable benefit-risk profile.Обоснование. Паливизумаб предназначен для профилактики тяжелых форм респираторной синцитиальной вирусной (РСВ) инфекции у детей групп высокого риска.Цель исследования ― оценка эффективности и безопасности паливизумаба в повседневной клинической практике при применении у детей с высоким риском развития тяжелой РСВ инфекции в эпидемический сезон 2014−2015 гг. в Российской Федерации.Методы. Проведено проспективное наблюдательное многоцентровое когортное исследование с участием детей грудного и раннего детского возраста групп высокого риска по развитию тяжелой РСВ инфекции: дети с гестационным возрастом при рождении ≤35 нед; дети в возрасте ≤24 мес с бронхолегочной дисплазией (БЛД) или врожденным пороком сердца (ВПС), которым в рамках рутинной клинической практики была назначена иммунопрофилактика паливизумабом. Работа выполнена на базе 16 исследовательских центров, расположенных в европейской части России и Западной Сибири.Результаты. Всего в исследование были включены 359 (180 мальчиков и 179 девочек) детей раннего детского возраста, из них 148 (41,2%) имели БЛД, 45 (12,5%) ― гемодинамически значимый ВПС, 166 (46,2%) относились к группе высокого риска тяжелого течения РСВ инфекции по причине недоношенности. Большинство детей (86,9%) получили три и более инъекции препарата. Из 359 детей, включенных в исследование, были госпитализированы по причине развития инфекции нижних дыхательных путей 11 (3,1%; 95% ДИ 1,5–5,4). Диагностический тест на РСВ был выполнен у 9 детей, РСВ инфекция подтверждена у 1 ребенка. Таким образом, частота РСВ-ассоциированной госпитализации составила 0,3% (95% ДИ 0,0–1,5).Заключение. Исследование продемонстрировало низкую частоту РСВ-ассоциированной госпитализации при проведении иммунопрофилактики паливизумабом. Терапия препаратом хорошо переносилась и показала благоприятный профиль риск/польза

Effects of internal molecular degrees of freedom on the thermal conductivity of some glasses and disordered crystals

The thermal conductivity κ(T) of the fully ordered stable phase II, the metastable phase III, the orientationally disordered (plastic) phase I, as well as the nonergodic orientational glass (OG) phase, of the glass former cyclohexanol (C 6H 11OH) has been measured under equilibrium vapor pressure within the 2-200 K temperature range. The main emphasis is here focused on the influence of the conformational disorder upon the thermal properties of this material. Comparison of results with those regarding cyanoclyclohexane (C 6H 11CN), a chemically related compound, serves to quantify the role played by the terminal groups -OH and -CN on the phonon scattering processes. The picture that emerges shows that motions of such groups do play a minor role as scattering centers, both within the low-temperature orientationally ordered phases as well as in the OG states. The results are analyzed within the Debye-Peierls relaxation time model for isotropic solids comprising mechanisms for long-wave phonon scattering within the OG and orientational ordered low-temperature phases, as well as others arising from localized short-wavelength vibrational modes as pictured by the Cahill-Pohl model. By means of complementary neutron and Raman scattering we show that in the OG state the energy landscapes for both compounds are very similar. © 2012 American Physical Society.This work was financially supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant No. FIS2008-00837) and the Catalan Government (Grant No. 2009SGR-1251)Peer Reviewe

New approaches to immunization of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children

Respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSVI) takes a leading place among infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract in early childhood. The high risk group for severe RSVI includes preterm infants born before the 35th week of gestation under the age of 6 months, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and hemodynamically significant congenital heart defects (CHD) up to 2 years of age. Vaccination is not performed. Currently, the only effective and safe medicine of preventing severe RSVI course is passive immunization with humanized monoclonal antibodies – palivizumab. In the Russian Federation, palivizumab is currently registered in two dosage forms – lyophilized and liquid. Both of them have proven by randomized clinical trials efficacy and high safety profile. With equal clinical efficacy and tolerability of palivizumab, its liquid dosage form provides a lower cost of prevention and more convenient use. © 2019, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved

Emotions in the Structure of Psychological 'Fabric' of Organizational Culture

The paper explores the role and significance of the emotional factor in the system of components of organizational culture. Along with the psychophysiological component the authors describe patterns of formation of emotions in organizational systems and state that manifestations of these emotions are determined by cultural conditions of the organization and by the type of its organizational culture. The authors also outline levels of emotions and degrees of their subjective management in individuals. A set of requirements is proposed for the system of emotional management within the organization which may be implemented in a broad range of personality manifestations. Finally, the authors review the ecological theory of emotions, the psychophysiological and sociocultural approaches, analyzing their main propositions concerning the nature and management of emotions as well as perspectives for raising the efficiency of activity in the organization with the assistance of the emotional factor. On these grounds the authors propose an activity-based model of emotions determined by the type of organizational structure

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Pediatric Dentistry

Identify options for the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis in children's dental reception. The analysis of publications shows that the basis of current trends prevention of postoperative wound infection in pediatric surgery should be measures aimed at eliminating or reducing the influence of risk factors, as well as the use of antibiotic prophylaxi

INHALANT GLUCOCORTICOID APPLICATION EXPERIENCE AMONG INFANTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IN THE FIRST HALF YEAR OF LIFE

The article describes the modern views on the application of the inhalant glucocorticoids (budesonide suspension) among infants, who underwent artificial pulmonary ventilation at the neonatal stage and who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia formed. The authors performed the clinical and functional evaluation of their state owing to the bronchophonography along with the follow up observation until 6 month of life.Key words: artificial pulmonary ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, extremely low body weight, bronchophonography, acoustic work of breathing

Эффективность радиоэкологического контроля продукции лесного хозяйства в Полесье Украины в отдалённый со времени аварии на ЧАЭС период

Проведено узагальнення та аналіз звітних даних лабораторії радіаційного контролю продукції лісового господарства у Житомирській обл. за період з 1998 по 2013 рр. Протягом вказаного періоду встановлено поступове скорочення кількості зразків, які перевіряють з метою встановлення рівнів їх радіоактивного забруднення. Виявлено, що найбільша частка зразків, що мають вміст радіонуклідів, який перевищує встановлені нормативи, властива плодовим тілам їстівних грибів, дикорослим ягодам, лікарським рослинам і диким промисловим тваринам. Найменшу кількість цих зразків встановлено для деревини та березового соку.The generalization and the analysis of the results reported by the laboratory of radiation control of the forestry products in Zhytomyr oblast in the period from 1998 to 2013 are done. Gradual reduction of the number of the examined samples for determining radiation contamination levels is observed. It is detected that the major part of samples having radionuclides content above the established norms appeared to be taken from fruit bodies of edible mushrooms, wild berries, medicinal plants as well as wild gaming animals. The less quantity of samples with high radionuclide content was taken from wood and birch sap.Проведено обобщение и анализ отчетных данных лаборатории радиационного контроля продукции лесного хозяйства в Житомирской обл. за период с 1998 по 2013 гг. В течение указанного периода установлено постепенное сокращение количества образцов, которые проверяются с целью установления уровней их радиоактивного загрязнения. Выявлено, что наибольшее долевое участие образцов, имеющих содержание радионуклидов выше установленных нормативов, свойственна плодовым телам съедобных грибов, дикорастущим ягодам, лекарственным растениям и диким промысловым животным. Наименьшее количество подобных образцов обнаружено для древесины и березового сока