НОЗОКОМИАЛЬНЫЙ РЕСПИРАТОРНО-СИНЦИТИАЛЬНЫЙ ВИРУСНЫЙ БРОНХИОЛИТ У НЕДОНОШЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ, ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА В РЕАЛЬНОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

Objective: to study the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of the course of nosocomial bronchiolitis respiratory syncytial viral (RSV ) etiology and effectiveness of the therapy in preterm infants in the neonatal hospital conditions. Patients and Methods: We analyzed case histories of 10 hospitalized patients who had RSV etiology bronchiolitis established by RIF / PCR in neonatal Moscow hospitals in  2011-2013. Results: RSV infection in hospitalized preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia runs hardly, requiring treatment in the intensive care unit, oxygen therapy and  lungs mechanical ventilation. The respiratory failure is the symptom of the of RSV bronchiolitis severity. X-ray picture of the disease is characterized by peribronchial changes, emphysematous swelling , segmental infiltration and bronchial obstruction (atelectasis, hypoventilation ). The frequency of bacterial complications of RSV bronchiolitis is low. In clinical practice newborns with severe RSV bronchiolitis are treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids. The timely isolation of patients can prevent the extention of the infection in the hospital. Conclusions: The preventive measures are needed to prevent the extention of RSV in neonatal hospitals, including specific immune prophylaxisof RSV infection in children at risk .Цель исследования: изучить клинические, лабораторные и рентгенологические особенности течения нозокомиального бронхиолита респираторно-синцитиально-вирусной (РСВ) этиологии и эффективность проводимой терапии у недоношенных детей в условиях неонатологического стационара. Пациенты и методы: произведен анализ историй болезней 10 госпитализированных пациентов, перенесших бронхиолит РСВ-этиологии, установленной методом РИФ/ПЦР в неонатологических стационарах г. Москвы в 2011–2013 гг. Результаты: РСВ-инфекция у госпитализированных недоношенных детей с и без бронхолегочной дисплазии протекает тяжело, требуя лечения в условиях отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии, назначения оксигенотерапии и проведения искусственной вентиляции легких. Тяжесть течения РСВ-бронхиолита определяется дыхательной недостаточностью. Рентгенологическая картина заболевания характеризуется перибронхиальным изменениями, эмфизематозным вздутием, сегментарной инфильтрацией и нарушением бронхиальной проходимости (ателектаз, гиповентиляция). Частота бактериальных осложнений при РСВ-бронхиолите невелика. В реальной клинической практике новорожденным с тяжелым течением РСВ-бронхиолита назначаются антибиотики, бронхолитики, стероиды. Предотвращению распространения инфекции в стационаре может способствовать своевременная изоляция больных.  Выводы: необходимы профилактические мероприятия для предотвращения распространения РСВ в неонатологических стационарах, в т.ч. специфическая иммунопрофилактика РСВ-инфекции у детей групп риска.

CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 Event Generators for the MCNP6, MCNPX, and MARS15 Transport Codes

A description of the IntraNuclear Cascade (INC), preequilibrium, evaporation, fission, coalescence, and Fermi breakup models used by the latest versions of our CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 event generators is presented, with a focus on our most recent developments of these models. The recently developed "S" and "G" versions of our codes, that consider multifragmentation of nuclei formed after the preequilibrium stage of reactions when their excitation energy is above 2A MeV using the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) code by Botvina et al. ("S" stands for SMM) and the fission-like binary-decay model GEMINI by Charity ("G" stands for GEMINI), respectively, are briefly described as well. Examples of benchmarking our models against a large variety of experimental data on particle-particle, particle-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus reactions are presented. Open questions on reaction mechanisms and future necessary work are outlined.Comment: 94 pages, 51 figures, 5 tables, invited lectures presented at the Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Model Codes for Spallation Reactions, February 4-8, 2008, ICTP, Trieste, Italy; corrected typos and reference

Criticality safety benchmark calculations using the new evaluated data libraries

The criticality safety benchmark calculations with the RTS&T general purpose Monte Carlo code were extensively used to validate the 233,235U and 239Pu evaluated data files. The benchmarks employed are from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP). We have performed calculations using the newly evaluated data files from ENDF/B-VII.0 and special purpose Minsk Actinides Library. The influence of the prompt fission neutron spectra of major actinides on the keff for the selected fast spectrum benchmarks is investigated

RTS&T-2014 code status

The paper describes the main features of newest version of the RTS&T code system. The RTS&T [1] code (Radiation Transport Simulation and Isotopes Transmutation Calculation) was assigned for detailed Monte Carlo simulation of many particle types (γ, e±, p, n, π±, K±, LL0, antinucleons, muons, ions and etc.) transport in a complex 3D geometry's with composite materials in the energy range from a fraction eV to 20TeV and calculation of particle fluences, radiation field functionals and isotopes transmutation problem as well. A direct using of evaluated nuclear data libraries (ENDF/B-VI.8/VII.1, ROSFOND, JENDL, BROND etc.) to particle transport and isotopes transmutation modeling in low and intermediate energy regions is the general idea of the RTS&T code. It is possible to use the RTS&T code to simulate of reactors, detectors, spacecraft, radiotherapy treatment planning, criticality calculation and radiation safety analysis. The comparison between calculated and measured data is presented

Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in preterm infants: Characteristics of the course, treatment and prevention in clinical practice

Objective: to study the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of the course of nosocomial bronchiolitis respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) etiology and effectiveness of the therapy in preterm infants in the neonatal hospital conditions. Patients and Methods: We analyzed case histories of 10 hospitalized patients who had RSV etiology bronchiolitis established by RIF/PCR in neonatal Moscow hospitals in 2011-2013. Results: RSV infection in hospitalized preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia runs hardly, requiring treatment in the intensive care unit, oxygen therapy and lungs mechanical ventilation. The respiratory failure is the symptom of the of RSV bronchiolitis severity. X-ray picture of the disease is characterized by peribronchial changes, emphysematous swelling, segmental infdtration and bronchial obstruction (atelectasis, hypoventilation). The frequency of bacterial complications of RSV bronchiolitis is low. In clinical practice newborns with severe RSV bronchiolitis are treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids. The timely isolation of patients can prevent the extention of the infection in the hospital. Conclusions: The preventive measures are needed to prevent the extention of RSV in neonatal hospitals, including specific immune prophylaxis of RSV infection in children at risk

Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in preterm infants: Characteristics of the course, treatment and prevention in clinical practice

Objective: to study the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of the course of nosocomial bronchiolitis respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) etiology and effectiveness of the therapy in preterm infants in the neonatal hospital conditions. Patients and Methods: We analyzed case histories of 10 hospitalized patients who had RSV etiology bronchiolitis established by RIF/PCR in neonatal Moscow hospitals in 2011-2013. Results: RSV infection in hospitalized preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia runs hardly, requiring treatment in the intensive care unit, oxygen therapy and lungs mechanical ventilation. The respiratory failure is the symptom of the of RSV bronchiolitis severity. X-ray picture of the disease is characterized by peribronchial changes, emphysematous swelling, segmental infdtration and bronchial obstruction (atelectasis, hypoventilation). The frequency of bacterial complications of RSV bronchiolitis is low. In clinical practice newborns with severe RSV bronchiolitis are treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids. The timely isolation of patients can prevent the extention of the infection in the hospital. Conclusions: The preventive measures are needed to prevent the extention of RSV in neonatal hospitals, including specific immune prophylaxis of RSV infection in children at risk