ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF EDUCATION PARTICIPATION INDEX (EPI) IN INDONESIA FROM 2003-2008

The aims of the research is to reveal the characteristics of the Education Participation Index (EPI) in Indonesia based on the level of students’ age (7-12, 13-15, 16-18, and 19-24) which shows the participation index of the citizens at Elementary School, Junior High School, Senior High School and University. The data was taken from Central Bureau Statistics of Indonesia (BPS) from the year 2003 to 2008. The data is analyzed to see the difference between the level of ages at difference regions and difference years. And the data was analyzed by using analysis nested design. The second analysis is to find the EPI model for each regions and years. The modeling is used the multiple linear regression with dummy variable for the regions and years

Bioconversion of seaweed with white rot fungi for production of protein enriched fish feedstock

Viable and economical source of fish feed ingredients remained one of most important factors for a successful and profitable fish production for peasant farmers and industries. Solid state bioconversion (SSB) involving Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) was conducted to enrich seaweed with protein. Optimization of processing parameters (moisture content, inoculum size and minerals) with response surface methodology (RSM) showed crude protein increased to 120.29 mg/g. Positive interaction existed among all investigated process parameters and the quadratic model describing the process was significant at p < 0.05. The coefficient of determination –R-squared, of the model was close to unity. The optimum value of moisture content was 73.5% (v/w), 8.5% (v/w) for inoculum size and 7% (v/w) of mineral supplement. Validation of the model showed protein production falling within 10% tolerable point

Bioconversion of seaweed with white rot fungi for production of protein enriched fish feedstock

Viable and economical source of fish feed ingredients remained one of most important factors for a successful and profitable fish production for peasant farmers and large scale producers. The process conditions necessary for solid state bioconversion (SSB) of seaweed for synthesis of protein was explored in this study. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) was cultivated under SSB on seaweed for 7days. Investigation of processing factors individually revealed 70% moisture content, 9% inoculum size and 7% of minerals as optimum for protein synthesis. Optimization of protein synthesis by response surface methodology increased crude protein to 120.29 mg/g. Positive interactions were recorded for all investigated process conditions and the quadratic model describing the process was significant at p<0.05. Validation of the model showed protein production falling within 10% tolerable points

Bioconversion of seaweed with white rot fungi for production of protein enriched fish feedstock

Viable and economical source of fish feed ingredients remained one of most important factors for a successful and profitable fish production for peasant farmers and large scale producers. The process conditions necessary for solid state bioconversion (SSB) of seaweed for synthesis of protein was explored in this study. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) was cultivated under SSB on seaweed for 7days. Investigation of processing factors individually revealed 70% moisture content, 9% inoculum size and 7% of minerals as optimum for protein synthesis. Optimization of protein synthesis by response surface methodology increased crude protein to 120.29 mg/g. Positive interactions were recorded for all investigated process conditions and the quadratic model describing the process was significant at p<0.05. Validation of the model showed protein production falling within 10% tolerable points

Optimization of cassava peel medium to an enriched animal feed by the white rot fungi Panus tigrinus M609RQ

Media components such as wheat flour, MgSO4 and particle size were screened by Placket Burman design (PBD) while the operating range was fixed by one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT), primarily for the enrichment of cassava peels as animal feed. Optimization of the selected media components was carried out using Face–Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the responses were measured in term of protein and lignin contents. Statistical analysis of the result showed that the quadratic term of wheat flour and the interaction between wheat flour and particle size were highly significant (P<0.01) for protein content, while for lignin degradation, MgSO4 and particle size were significant (p< 0.05) in their linear term. The validated result showed that the optimum media component for the production of an enriched cassava peel by the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus (M609RQY) was wheat flour 4.30% (w/w), 0.45 g/kg MgSO4, and using 1 mm particle size. This resulted to 77.83% increase in protein and 52.62% lignin degradation, thus indicating the potency of the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus for the production of economical livestock feed from renewable source

Valorization of cassava peels by the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus M609RQY

The upgrading of cassava peel into a nutritionally enriched animal feed by the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus M609RQY was investigated. Positive contributing media components were determined by Plackett- Burman design (PBD) and optimized by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. In the screening of media constituents, protein and lignin content were chosen as the responses from the experiments. Two media constituents, wheat flour and MgSO4, contributed positively to the responses. In the OFAT experiments, particle size was also optimized alongside the positive contributing factors from PBD. Plackett–Burman design gave 55.42% lignin degradation and 67.58% protein increase. Results from OFAT revealed the following optimum levels: Wheat flour, 4% (w/w); MgSO4, 0.7 g/kg dried cassava peel and particle size 2 mm. Under this condition, 61.66% lignin degradation and 71.31% protein increase were achieved. This study revealed the Enrichment ability of Panus tigrinus on cassava peel which can be employed in other biotechnological applications

Lignin modifying enzyme activities by some Malaysian white rot fungi

The possible biotechnological application of ligninolytic enzyme in a range of different fields has stimulated isolation and screening of potential microorganisms from local sources. Twelve white rot fungi (WRF) were isolated from around Gombak area (Malaysia) and sub cultured few times in order to obtain pure cultures. These strains were first screened on solid media plates for their lignin modifying enzymes by using Poly R-478 and ABTS (2, 2’azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid). Of the twelve white rot fungi tested seven were able to decolourize Poly R-478 and eleven showed significant ABTS-oxidation activities. The positive strains were then tested on liquid media for lignin peroxidases (LiP), manganese peroxidases (MnP) and laccase (Lac) activity. Six strains showed potential to secrete all the three enzymes. One strain was able to secrete only two enzymes and five strains secreted only one of the three enzymes

Optimization of cassava peel medium to an enriched animal feed by the white rot fungi Panus tigrinus M609RQ

Media components such as wheat flour, MgSO4 and particle size were screened by Placket Burman design (PBD) while the operating range was fixed by one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT), primarily for the enrichment of cassava peels as animal feed. Optimization of the selected media components was carried out using Face–Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the responses were measured in term of protein and lignin contents. Statistical analysis of the result showed that the quadratic term of wheat flour and the interaction between wheat flour and particle size were highly significant (P<0.01) for protein content, while for lignin degradation, MgSO4 and particle size were significant (p< 0.05) in their linear term. The validated result showed that the optimum media component for the production of an enriched cassava peel by the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus (M609RQY) was wheat flour 4.30% (w/w), 0.45 g/kg MgSO4, and using 1 mm particle size. This resulted to 77.83% increase in protein and 52.62% lignin degradation, thus indicating the potency of the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus for the production of economical livestock feed from renewable source