Продовольственная безопасность: меры финансовой господдержки устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства регионов России

In the context of global economic instability, the problem of ensuring food security and sustainable development of agriculture at the international, national and regional levels becomes urgent. Existing methods for assessing the state of food security and sustainable development of agriculture, as a rule, have two main drawbacks: first, they are often static, and second, they include a scattered list of indicators that are difficult to systematically interpret in the analysis. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop an adequate methodology for assessing the food security of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The construction of a thematic index is carried out in three stages: 1) a system of indicators is formed; 2) the values of indicators are normalized; and 3) sub-indices are calculated. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on food security provided the methodological basis of the study. The system of indicators was clarified, which were combined into three groups (numerical indicators of the sphere of production, distribution, consumption, and food). The authors extended the retrospective assessment of food security at the meso-level by ranking and clustering Russian regions using hierarchical analysis and a new data filtering algorithm. The hierarchical procedure is based on a system of mathematical filtering of data, which is fundamentally different from existing methods for analyzing hierarchies. The authors replaced the fuzzy “what if” logic with a clear subordination of ranked indicators (subindices). The group of leaders was selected considering the accepted priority of indicators, the rest of the regions were united into a new subgroup, among which leaders and outsiders were singled out. At each new stage, new groups are ranked after excluding leaders and outsiders, they are in the “center of the circular convolution of data”, the procedure for stopping the procedure is the presence of two groups. This is a fundamental feature, scientific novelty, and value of the mathematical apparatus for multidimensional ranking of Russian regions in terms of food security. The authors concluded that in modern Russia the problem of food security has not yet been resolved due to the insufficient use of general economic and special levers to increase the stability of the food system. The results of the study can be applied in the process of updating the state policy in the field of ensuring the sustainability of food systems at the macroand meso-level of management.В условиях мировой экономической нестабильности актуализируется проблема обеспечения продовольственной безопасности и устойчивости развития сельского хозяйства на международном, национальном и региональном уровнях. Существующие методики оценки состояния продовольственной безопасности и устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства, как правило, имеют два основных недостатка: во-первых, зачастую они статичны, во-вторых, включают разрозненный перечень показателей, которые сложно системно интерпретировать при проведении анализа. Поэтому основной целью исследования является разработка адекватной методики оценки продовольственной безопасности субъектов РФ. Построение тематического индекса реализуется в три этапа: 1) формирование системы показателей; 2) нормализация значений показателей и 3) расчет субиндексов. Методологической основой исследования стал анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященной изучению продовольственной безопасности. Уточнена система индикаторов, которые были объединены в три группы (числовые показатели сферы производства, распределения, потребления и продовольственной продукции). Ретроспективную оценку продовольственной безопасности на мезоуровне авторы углубили путем ранжирования и кластеризации российских регионов с помощью иерархического анализа и нового алгоритма фильтрации данных. Иерархическая процедура обоснована математической системой фильтрации данных, принципиально отличающейся от существующих методов анализа иерархий. Нечеткую логику «что-если» авторы заменили четкой субординацией ранжированных показателей (субиндексов). Группа лидеров выбрана с учетом принятого приоритета показателей, остальные регионы объединены в новую подгруппу, среди которых выделены лидеры и аутсайдеры. На каждом новом этапе ранжируются новые группы после исключения лидеров и аутсайдеров, они в «центре круговой свертки данных», режим остановки процедуры — наличие двух групп. В этом состоит принципиальная особенность, научная новизна и ценность математического аппарата многомерного ранжирования регионов России по уровню продовольственной безопасности. Сделан вывод, что в современной России до сих пор не решена проблема продовольственной безопасности из-за недостаточно широко применяемых многообразных общеэкономических и специальных рычагов повышения устойчивости продовольственной системы. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в рамках процесса актуализации государственной политики в сфере обеспечения устойчивости продовольственных систем на макрои мезоуровне управления

INDEX OF EFFECTIVE BUSINESS IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Detailed model for analyzing and diagnosing the financial condition is the main incentive for effective company management. When selecting indicators, normalizing and grouping, there are a number of difficulties that are solved using integral ranking. However, integral ranking models are so heterogeneous that the company's management has to manually calculate important coefficients and draw conclusions, while financial analysts are engaged in calculating currently unimportant indicators. Therefore, business need several methods for calculating integral coefficient for key indicators and universal model of company is convolution into single (effective) index. Such methods have long existed in banking practice (effective rate). This is the first time that effective indexing indicator has been proposed to assess the financial condition of business. Article presents an algorithm for integral ranking of companies by key indicators of financial statements, and performs computational calculations. Author recommends using this tool to improve the efficiency of financial analytics the business

MINIMAX MODEL AND BALL-RATING APPROACH FOR REMUNERATION OF EMPLOYEES THE SPORTS SECTIONS OF UNIVERSITY

In article offers solution of problem the improving of quality the management in field of sports services of university. Point-rating system and minimax optimization model are used to assess the level of staff performance in two main divisions: experienced qualified employees and young developing employees. On average, the amount of remuneration for coaches of the first (higher) level of qualification will be higher than for coaches of the second (lower) level, since employees of the highest level will receive an additional point for experience and qualifications. For coaches of the second level, maximum diligence and absence of errors in work are necessary, which will significantly increase level of remuneration. The introduction of such system of remuneration for employees of sports sections of universities will encourage coaches to increase their professional status and improve their skills

ANALYSIS THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE LARGEST COMPANIES IN LEADING INDUSTRIES OF RUSSIAN ECONOMY BASED AT THE HIERARCHICAL APPROACH AND INTEGRAL RATING

Problem of analyzing the competitive advantages of companies is relevant in modern conditions due to rapid development the information technologies that play leading role in competition. Competitiveness of large Russian companies depends on three main factors: company's image in the foreign market, demand for products in inside market, the level of financial condition the company. For industries such as oil-gas industry, electricity, transport, banking sector, the level of development is determined by two indicators: volume of sales and company's profit. The article developed method for building integral rating of competitiveness using hierarchical procedure and the selected priority of indicators. Author recommend use this approach for building rating of competitiveness the most important companies in Russia