Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy in correcting the Indicators of Innate immunity in patients with Essential arterial hypertension

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy to correct indicators of innate immunity in patients with essential arterial hypertensio

NMR Study of Disordered Inclusions in the Quenched Solid Helium

Phase structure of rapidly quenched solid helium samples is studied by the NMR technique. The pulse NMR method is used for measurements of spin-lattice $T_1$ and spin-spin $T_2$ relaxation times and spin diffusion coefficient $D$ for all coexisting phases. It was found that quenched samples are two-phase systems consisting of the hcp matrix and some inclusions which are characterized by $D$ and $T_2$ values close to those in liquid phase. Such liquid-like inclusions undergo a spontaneous transition to a new state with anomalously short $T_2$ times. It is found that inclusions observed in both the states disappear on careful annealing near the melting curve. It is assumed that the liquid-like inclusions transform into a new state - a glass or a crystal with a large number of dislocations. These disordered inclusions may be responsible for the anomalous phenomena observed in supersolid region.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Прогностическая модель риска развития энцефалопатии у пациентов с алиментарным панкреонекрозом

The objective: to develop a predictive model for assessing the risk of developing encephalopathy (EP) in patients with nutritional pancreatic necrosis.Subjects and Methods. A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted at Faculty Surgery Clinic of Volgograd State Medical University from 2010 to 2020. Logistic regression analysis was used to build a model for predicting the risk of developing EP.Results. A total of 429 patients were included in the study. It was determined that in the majority of patients EP manifested in the first three days after hospitalization. A statistically significant predictive model of correlation of the risk to develop EP with clinical and demographic variables showed that an increase in the severity of the patient's condition (according to the SOFA scale) by 1 point increased the risk by 1.9 times, and an increase in bilirubin levels by 1 μmol/l, and urea by 1 mmol/l increased the risk of AED by 8.0% and 28.0%, respectively. In non-alcoholic pancreatic necrosis, compared with the alcoholic genesis of the disease, and when using early (before day 3) enteral nutrition, there was a significant reduction in the risk of developing EP by 175.5% and 137% of cases. The specificity and sensitivity of the model were 78.7% and 82.8%, respectively.Conclusions. In nurtitional pancreatic necrosis, an increase in the severity of the patient's condition, alcoholic genesis of the disease, progression of signs of liver and kidney failure significantly increased the risk of developing EP. At the same time, early enteral nutrition contributed to a significant reduction in the risk of this complication. The presented predictive model is recommended to be used in routine clinical practice.  Цель: разработать прогностическую модель оценки риска развития энцефалопатии (ЭП) у пациентов с алиментарным панкреонекрозом.Материалы и методы. Проведено одноцентровое проспективное когортное исследование на базе клиники факультетской хирургии ВолгГМУ за период с 2010 по 2020 г. Для построения модели прогнозирования риска развития панкреатической ЭП использовали логистический регрессионный анализ.Результаты. Всего в исследование включено 429 пациентов. Определено, что у большинства больных ЭП манифестировала в 1-е, 2-е или 3-и сут после госпитализации. Статистически значимая прогностическая модель зависимости риска развития ЭП от клинико-демографических переменных показала, что увеличение тяжести состояния пациентов (по шкале SOFA) на 1 балл повышало риск в 1,9 раза, а повышение уровней билирубина на 1 мкмоль/л и мочевины на 1 ммоль/л увеличивало риск ЭП на 8 и 28% соответственно. При неалкогольном панкреонекрозе, по сравнению с алкогольным генезом заболевания, и при использовании раннего (до 3 сут) энтерального питания наблюдали статистически значимое снижение риска развития ЭП на 175,5 и 137% случаев. Специфичность и чувствительность модели составили 78,7 и 82,8% соответственно.Выводы. При алиментарном панкреонекрозе усугубление тяжести состояния пациента, алкогольный генез заболевания, прогрессирование признаков печеночной и почечной недостаточности статистически значимо увеличивали риск развития ЭП. В то же время раннее энтеральное питание способствовало значимому снижению риска этого осложнения. Представленная прогностическая модель рекомендуется к применению в рутинной клинической практике.

Guided exciton-polaritons in a subwavelength dielectric slab integrated with a 2D semiconductor

New-generation nonlinear planar polaritonic devices based on 2D semiconductors demonstrate great potential for a wide range of practical applications. In this work, we experimentally study strong light–matter coupling between waveguide photons and excitons in a photonic system based on dielectric slab waveguides integrated with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides

Персонализированное прогнозирование острого повреждения почек у пациентов с панкреонекрозом

Relevance. The incidence of acute pancreatitis is growing worldwide, being one of the leading causes of hospitalization in urgent surgery. The most common complication of pancreatic necrosis (PN) in the aseptic phase is acute kidney injury (AKI), which is an independent risk factor for an unfavorable outcome.The objective was to develop a personalized risk model for AKI in the aseptic phase of pancreatic necrosis.Materials and methods. A comparative cohort study of the results of treatment of 502 patients with pancreatic necrosis was conducted. The primary endpoint was considered to be the development of AKI, for the development of a personalized model of the probability of its development in sterile pancreatic necrosis, binary logistic regression analysis was used.Results. A model of independent variables was developed that reliably (p < 0.001) determined that with an increase in age by 1 year, the probability of developing AKI increased by 2.3%, and with a history of chronic kidney disease in a patient – by 3.2 times.The same model demonstrates that the risk of AKI in patients with pancreatic necrosis with an increase in glomerular filtration rate by 1 ml·min–1·1.73 m2 and with the use of balanced crystalloid solutions decreased by 5.0% and 3.0 times, respectively.The specificity of the model was 79.8%, sensitivity – 79.1%.Conclusion. The proposed model makes it possible to reliably predict the individual risk of AKI on the first day of hospitalization.Актуальность. Заболеваемость острым панкреатитом растет во всем мире, являясь одной из ведущих причин госпитализации в ургентной хирургии. Наиболее частым осложнением панкреонекроза (ПН) в асептическую фазу является острое повреждение почек (ОПП), которое является независимым фактором риска неблагоприятного исхода.Цель – разработка персонализированной модели риска развития ОПП в асептической фазе панкреонекроза.Материалы и методы. Проведено сравнительное когортное исследование результатов лечения 502 пациентов с панкреонерозом. Первичной конечной точкой считали развитие ОПП, для разработки персонализированной модели вероятности развития которой при стерильном панкреонекрозе применяли бинарный логистический регрессионный анализ.Результаты. Разработана модель независимых переменных, достоверно (p < 0,001) определяющая, что при увеличении возраста на 1 год вероятность развития ОПП увеличивается на 2,3%, а при наличии хронической болезни почек у пациента в анамнезе – в 3,2 раза. Эта же модель демонстрирует, что риск развития ОПП у пациентов с панкреонекрозом при увеличении скорости клубочковой фильтрации на 1 мл∙мин–1/1,73м2 и при использовании сбалансированных кристаллоидных растворов снижался на 5,0% и в 3,0 раза соответственно. Специфичность модели составила 79,8%, чувствительность – 79,1%.Вывод. Предложенная модель позволяет достоверно прогнозировать индивидуальный риск ОПП в первые сутки госпитализации

Varespladib and cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome: the VISTA-16 randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE: Secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) generates bioactive phospholipid products implicated in atherosclerosis. The sPLA2inhibitor varespladib has favorable effects on lipid and inflammatory markers; however, its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of sPLA2inhibition with varespladib on cardiovascular outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial at 362 academic and community hospitals in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, India, and North America of 5145 patients randomized within 96 hours of presentation of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to either varespladib (n = 2572) or placebo (n = 2573) with enrollment between June 1, 2010, and March 7, 2012 (study termination on March 9, 2012). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to receive varespladib (500 mg) or placebo daily for 16 weeks, in addition to atorvastatin and other established therapies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary efficacy measurewas a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina with evidence of ischemia requiring hospitalization at 16 weeks. Six-month survival status was also evaluated. RESULTS: At a prespecified interim analysis, including 212 primary end point events, the independent data and safety monitoring board recommended termination of the trial for futility and possible harm. The primary end point occurred in 136 patients (6.1%) treated with varespladib compared with 109 patients (5.1%) treated with placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95%CI, 0.97-1.61; log-rank P = .08). Varespladib was associated with a greater risk of MI (78 [3.4%] vs 47 [2.2%]; HR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.16-2.39; log-rank P = .005). The composite secondary end point of cardiovascular mortality, MI, and stroke was observed in 107 patients (4.6%) in the varespladib group and 79 patients (3.8%) in the placebo group (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.82; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with recent ACS, varespladib did not reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and significantly increased the risk of MI. The sPLA2inhibition with varespladib may be harmful and is not a useful strategy to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes after ACS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01130246. Copyright 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved