Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the preparation benzydamine hydrochloride

Introduction. With an increase in the level of acquired antibiotic resistance of pathogens, treatment becomes more complicated and slows down, especially in infections associated with biofilms. There is a growing need for the development and use of new antibacterial drugs with specific antimicrobial activity.Aim. To study the antimicrobial action and the dynamics of the formation of resistance to benzydamine hydrochloride from a various infection agents. Materials and methods. To obtain biofilms, microorganisms were cultivated in flat-bottomed culture plates. Planktonic cells were obtained by suspending and reseeding single colonies of the daily culture into flat-bottomed culture plates. To determine the antimicrobial activity of the studied preparations, two-fold dilutions were prepared and added to the wells of the plate with a bacterial culture. The dynamics of the formation of resistance to benzydamine hydrochloride was studied by passaging the cultures in a liquid nutrient medium with increasing concentrations of the antiseptic by a twofold step. After 2–3 days of incubation from a test tube with the maximum concentration of the drug, in which bacterial growth was observed, the bacteria were transferred to new ones with higher concentrations of the drug.Results. It was shown that benzydamine hydrochloride showed a high level of activity against bacteria M. catarrhalis and yeast-like fungi C. albicans. A slightly lower activity of the drug was noted for bacteria of the species S. aureus and E. coli, however, within the limits of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in finished dosage forms. Benzydamine hydrochloride had a significantly higher level of antibacterial activity against pre-formed biofilms compared to drugs such as chlorhexidine and hexetidine. An analysis of the dynamics of the formation of resistance to the drug benzydamine hydrochloride in microorganisms of various species showed that the possibility of developing resistance to benzydamine hydrochloride is extremely small. The process of adaptation was observed only in E. coli. The studied strains of the species S. aureus, C. albicans, and M. catarrhalis did not acquire resistance to the test drug.Conclusion. Benzydamine hydrochloride can be effectively used against a wide range of pathogens of ENT infections, as it has been shown to have a significantly higher level of antibacterial activity against pre-formed biofilms, various types of bacteria and yeast-like fungi and an extremely low level of resistance compared to other antiseptic drugs

Prerequisites for the creation of an atlas of postcovid inflammation as a way of personalized pharmacotherapy, as well as predicting and preventing organ and systemic dysfunctions

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that has been identified as the cause of the 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which originated at Wuhan city of PRC in late 2019 and widespread worldwide. As the number of patients recovering from COVID-19 continue to grow, it’s very important to understand what health issues they may keep experiencing. COVID-19 is now recognized as an infectious disease that can cause multiple organ diseases of various localization. It is against this background that a new term was introduced: post-acute post-COVID-19 syndrome characterized by several persistent symptoms inherent in the acute phase of the disease, as well as the occurrence of delayed and (or) long-term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of the disease. The work reflected in this article revealed a portrait of a patient with post-COVID-19 syndrome, the most common complications of this period, as well as the mechanisms of their development and the resulting metabolic, cellular, tissue disorders leading to the tissue and organ dysfunctions. A comprehensive biochemical and immunological screening was carried out using the example of three clinical cases to identify the most significant disorders in these patients and to correlate with their clinical status over time. In point of fact, such patients were diagnosed with vascular dysfunction factors (development of endothelial dysfunction), metabolic dysfunction factors (metabolic acidosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, insulin resistance, altered branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism), neurological disorder factors (neurotoxicity of the resulting metabolites), immunological disorder factors (decreased efficiency of detoxification systems, secondary immunodeficiency, risk of secondary bacterial infection)

The effectiveness of a monopreparation containing a combination of ciprofloxacin – ornidazole in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory and dysbiotic vagina diseases

Introduction. Infectious inflammatory and dysbiotic diseases of the vagina represent a major concern facing obstetric and gynecological science. Individually, the two most common specific diseases can be distinguished, namely: bacterial vaginosis (BV) and nonspecific vaginitis (NV). The therapeutic strategy for these diseases requires a word of clarification and adjustment.Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of treatment with the combination drug Orcepol WM (ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and ornidazole (500 mg)) and a combination of monopreparations in a dosage form similar to Orcepol WM.Materials and methods. As a comparison object, we used the method of simultaneous administration by patients of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole as mono-preparations in a dosage of 500 mg similar to Orcepol. The study included 64 patients with diagnoses of “bacterial vaginosis” or “nonspecific vaginitis” or "decompensated mixed vaginal dysbiosis". The average age of the patients was 35.34 ± 5.95 years. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 32) received the combination drug Orcepol WM, group 2 (n = 32) received ciprofloxacin and ornidazole with two mono-preparations. The drugs were prescribed as a five-day course, two times a day. The patients were followed up by a doctor during two visits and one remote interview on day 30–45 after the end of treatment (visit 2).Results. In both groups, all patients received a full course of antibacterial therapy. There were no adverse drug reactions. In both groups, there was an improvement in clinical symptoms from the first to the second visit: discomfort, itching, burning, dyspareunia, hyperemia of the mucous membrane against the background of normalization of laboratory findings of the vaginal microbiocenosis condition. At the same time, the best results were higher in group 1. Manifestation of mycotic vaginitis with the development of strong clinical symptomatology on days 3 and 4 of treatment respectively were recorded in 4 (12.5%) patients from group 1 and 7 (21.9%) from group 2. The results of comparative observation showed that the number of relapses after the end of therapy were the same in group 1 (8 out of 32 patients, 25%) and in group 2 (9 out of 32 patients, 28%). The relapse occurred on average day 12 and 17 after the end of therapy, respectively.Сonclusion. Thus, the use of Orcepol WM showed a greater therapeutic efficacy as compared to the use of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in similar dosages as a single-drug administration, which can be explained by a stronger patients' adherence to the treatment

Значение редокс-статуса коэнзима Q10 как биомаркера окислительного стресса

The article examines the role of ubiquinone as a redox molecule whose functions consist in electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and regeneration of endogenous antioxidants. Changes in electron redox pathways cause uncontrolled release of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress and development of pathologies. The objective of the study was to determine the content of coenzyme Q10 and its redox status in the human body as a biomarker of oxidative stress in various pathologies. This was achieved by assessing and consolidating data on changes in concentrations of the oxidized, reduced ubiquinone forms and total ubiquinone in various pathologies. Total serum ubiquinone was reduced in patients with chronic heart failure (0.68 μmol/L) compared with the control group (0.97 μmol/L). The redox status, expressed as the [ubiquinol]/ [ubiquinone] concentration ratio, decreased in patients with coronary heart disease (0.49 ± 0.34), diabetes (0.26 ± 0.16) compared with the healthy subjects (1.23–1.41). A negative correlation with malonic dialdehyde was observed. The authors analysed the possibility of assessing the efficacy of statin therapy by plasma ubiquinone concentration in patients. Patients with hyperlipidemia who received statins showed a statistically significant reduction in ubiquinol concentration after taking the drug (from 0.81 to 0.46 μg/mL) and the [ubiquinone]/[total ubiquinone] ratio (from 11 to 10 %), which confirms the potential mechanism of statinassociated muscle injury development. Thus, coenzyme Q10 redox status, as well as the concentrations of oxidized, reduced and total ubiquinone can be effective biomarkers of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as an important indicator in evaluating the efficacy of hyperlipidemia treatment.Рассмотрена роль убихинона как редокс-молекулы, функциями которой являются перенос электронов в дыхательной цепи митохондрии и регенерация эндогенных антиоксидантов. Изменение редокс-путей электронов вызывает неконтролируемую выработку активных форм кислорода, что приводит к окислительному стрессу и развитию патологий. Цель работы — выявление содержания коэнзима Q10 и значения его редокс-статуса в организме как биомаркера окислительного стресса при различных патологиях, для чего были оценены и обобщены данные о динамике концентраций окисленной, восстановленной формы и общего убихинона при различных патологиях. Содержание общего убихинона в сыворотке крови пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью было снижено (0,68 мкмоль/л) по сравнению с контрольной группой (0,97 мкмоль/л). Редокс-статус, выраженный как отношение концентрации [убихинол]/[убихинон], снижался у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (0,49 ± 0,34), диабетом (0,26 ± 0,16) по сравнению со здоровыми лицами (1,23–1,41). При этом наблюдалась отрицательная корреляция с малоновым диальдегидом. Проведен анализ возможности оценки эффективности статинотерапии по содержанию убихинона в плазме крови пациентов. У пациентов с гиперлипидемией, получавших статины, были достоверно снижены концентрация убихинола после приема препарата (с 0,81 до 0,46 мкг/мл) и соотношение [убихинон]/[общий убихинон] (с 11 до 10 %), что подтверждает потенциальный механизм возникновения статин-ассоциированных поражений мышц. Таким образом, редокс-статус коэнзима Q10, а также концентрация окисленного, восстановленного и общего убихинона могут быть эффективными биомаркерами окислительного стресса при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях, диабете, а также важным показателем при оценке эффективности лечения гиперлипидемии

Исследование биоэквивалентности препаратов содержащих мемантин

At present, Russia has developed domestic analogue of Memantine Akatinol — Memaneyrin in the form of droplets which is pharmaceutically equivalent drug memantine Akatinol. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioequivalence of the two formulations of memantine: Memaneyrin (drops, 10 mg) and Akatinol memantine (drops, 10 mg). Bioequivalence assessment was carried out by determining the concentration of memantine in plasma of volunteers, which was determined by HPLC with mass spectrometric detection.В настоящее время в России разработан отечественный аналог Мемантина акатинола — Меманейрин в виде капель, который фармацевтически эквивалентен препарату Акатинол мемантин. Целью настоящей работы являлось исследование биоэквивалентности двух препаратов мемантина: Меманейрин (капли, 10 мг) и Акатинол мемантин (капли, 10 мг). Оценка биоэквивалентности проводилась путём определения концентрации мемантина в плазме крови добровольцев, которая определялась методом ВЭЖХ с масс-спектрометрическим детектором

Efficiency of treatment by acenocoumarol in patients with permanent form of atrial fibrillation, with using models of personalized medicine

Acenocoumarol is the global standard of anticoagulant therapy, but often treatment with acenocoumarol accompanied by adverse drug reactions. Model of personalized medicine, actively developing now, can reduce the number of side effects during therapy of Acenocoumarol, mainly due to individual genetic characteristics (polymorphisms of genes CYP2C9 and VKORC1). This will help to reduce side effects of therapy and reduce treatment costs