The development of blockchain technology in Russia : outlook and trends

Purpose: The article addresses the issue of new scientific decisions shaping with respect to the study of problems, current trends and perspectives of blockchain technology usage in the Russian Federation. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the objectives of this study the increasing interest to blockchain technology in Russia was discussed. Findings: The article determined main problems in blockchain technology which includes gaps in legislative regulation; the existence of a considerable number of projects that are undergoing the development stage and that have not proved own economic feasibility yet; incomplete understanding of the blockchain spheres’ implementation by state officials, society and business representatives as well as expected outcomes according to the amount and time of their receiving; disputes on cryptocurrencies turnover in the country’s territory and their influence in the national economy. Practical implications: The study has demonstrated the interest growth mainly by businesses to the usage of blockchain technology in order to improve own competitiveness and to obtain additional benefits, including the form of their profits. Originality/value: The research has also determined the area of further key studies in blockchain technology usage in Russia and the world.peer-reviewe

Evaluation of biomarkers in the studies of keloid tissue after laser therapy

In this paper, we discuss what biomarkers to choose if there is a need to describe the results of laser therapy targeting keloid skin. We elevate the known cytomarkers (Krt14, Lgals7, Krt5, Dcn, Lum, Igfbp5, Cd31, Vwf, Stambpl1, Uqcrb, Cd3 and Acta2), biomarkers of the inflammatory response (Cd45/Ptprc, Adgre1, Ly6g, Il1b, Il4, Il13, Il22, Cxcl2 и Ccl17), as well as the proteins of extracellular matrix (type I and III collagens; precursors of COL5A1 and COLA1A; FTL, COL3A1, PGLS, CNN2, ANXA2, TPSAB1, COL12A1, precursors of APCS and ALB), and their encoding genes (FGF7, BAX, CCND1, MMP3, MMP9, CXCL1, -2, -5, -6 and -12; IL8, S100A7 and IL1A), those expression and co-location may potentially change the appearance and internal structure of damaged skin. We also describe how to choose biomarkers using the results genomic studies and their limitations. Moreover, we provide examples of how different groups of gene and protein biomarkers are used in experimental biology and clinical practice. According to the previously published data, well-known biomarkers verified on animal models, depend on their biological effects, let to characterize structural changes and changes in the composition of cells represented at the site of damage before and after the treatment. In addition, the published experimental and clinical data provide an opportunity to analyze the efficiency of new experimental approaches and compare them to each other

Stability of relative equilibria with singular momentum values in simple mechanical systems

A method for testing $G_\mu$-stability of relative equilibria in Hamiltonian systems of the form "kinetic + potential energy" is presented. This method extends the Reduced Energy-Momentum Method of Simo et al. to the case of non-free group actions and singular momentum values. A normal form for the symplectic matrix at a relative equilibrium is also obtained.Comment: Partially rewritten. Some mistakes fixed. Exposition improve

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and transmitral blood flow parameters in patients after COVID-19

Background. People who previously had COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is an early marker of the development of cardiac pathology. Its early detection is important for the adequate therapy order and dynamic monitoring of patients. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the effect of a recent COVID-19 infection on the left ventricular diastolic function and transmitral blood flow parameters in apparently healthy individuals without clinical and instrumental signs of cardiovascular pathology. The aim of the study. To assess the changes in the diastolic and systolic function of  the left ventricle, its anatomical parameters and transmitral blood flow parameters in two groups of  apparently healthy individuals: those who had and those who had not COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed according to the standard technique and its results were analyzed in 66 examined patients who were recognized as apparently healthy according to the results of  regular comprehensive clinical and instrumental studies. The first group included 30 individuals who underwent an echocardiographic study before or during the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not have a coronavirus infection; the second group consisted of 36 people who recovered from COVID-19. The indicators of the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the transmitral blood flow parameters were assessed. The study was approved at a meeting of the Medical Ethics Committee under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Karelia and of Petrozavodsk State University (Minutes No. 47 of 01.11.2023). Results. The frequency of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction did not differ in  the  first and second groups of patients. Statistically significant differences were recorded in the average flow deceleration time for both early and late filling of the left ventricle in people who had and did not have COVID-19 infection. A change in the phase structure of the transmitral blood flow may be an early manifestation of intracardiac hemodynamic disorders in people who have recovered from COVID-19

Electromagnetic field and radiation for a charge moving along a helical trajectory inside a waveguide with dielectric filling

We investigate the electromagnetic field generated by a point charge moving along a helical trajectory inside a circular waveguide with conducting walls filled by homogeneous dielectric. The parts corresponding to the radiation field are separated and the formulae for the radiation intensity are derived for both TE and TM waves. It is shown that the main part of the radiated quanta is emitted in the form of the TE waves. Various limiting cases are considered. The results of the numerical calculations show that the insertion of the waveguide provides an additional mechanism for tuning the characteristics of the emitted radiation by choosing the parameters of the waveguide and filling medium.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, discussion, graphs, and references adde

Первый опыт применения машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии почечного трансплантата от доноров с расширенными критериями

Objective: to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) for kidney grafts obtained from expanded criteria donors (ECD).Materials and methods. From June 2018 to June 2021, 200 surgeries involving kidney transplants from deceased donors were performed at Botkin City Clinical Hospital. Of these, 123 were men (61.5%) and 77 were women (38.5%). The mean age was 47.62 ± 11.69 (20–73) years. In 102 cases, kidney grafts were procured from ECD. In 92 recipients (90.2%) of kidney transplants from an expanded criteria donor, static cold storage done according to the standard technique was used to preserve the organ; these patients constituted observation group 1. In 10 recipients (9.8%), hypothermic oxygenated perfusion was used in addition to static cold preservation; these patients formed observation group 2.Results. No 30-day mortality was recorded in both observation groups. The mean static cold storage time in group 1 patients was 612.33 ± 178.88 (133–1180) minutes. Overall incidence of delayed graft function was 26.5% (53/200). Incidence of delayed graft function was 19.3% (19/98) for organs from standard donors using static cold storage and 35.8% (33/92) for ECD organs. Twenty-five patients (12.5%) had postoperative complications. Postoperative complications with delayed graft function were diagnosed in 12 patients, which was 22.6% (12/53), with immediate function in 13 patients, which was 8.8% (13/147). Mean cold storage time in group 2 patients was 319.11 ± 110.24 (311–525) minutes. Mean HOPE time was 202.34 ± 21.48 (150–210) minutes. Delayed graft function was recorded in 1 group 2 patient (10%). No complications, including perfusion-related one, were recorded in this group.Conclusion. The unique technique used at Botkin City Clinical Hospital for HOPE in kidney transplant is safe. It provides a low risk of delayed graft function for ECD kidneys.Цель: оценить безопасность и эффективность машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии почечных трансплантатов от доноров с расширенными критериями.Материалы и методы. С июня 2018 года по июнь 2021 года в хирургической клинике Боткинской больницы выполнено 200 трансплантаций почки от посмертного донора. Из них 123 – мужчинам (61,5%) и 77 – женщинам (38,5%). Средний возраст составил 47,62 ± 11,69 (20–73) года. В 102 случаях почечный трансплантат был изъят у донора с расширенными критериями. У 92 реципиентов (90,2%) почечного трансплантата от донора с расширенными критериями для сохранения органа использовалась статическая холодовая консервация по стандартной методике, эти пациенты составили I группу наблюдения. У 10 реципиентов (9,8%) выполнялась постхолодовая машинная оксигенированная перфузия, эти пациенты составили II группу наблюдения.Результаты. В обеих группах наблюдения не зафиксировано 30-дневной летальности. Среднее время статической холодовой консервации у пациентов первой группы составило 612,33 ± 178,88 (133–1180) минуты. Общая частота отсроченной функции почечного трансплантата составила 26,5% (53/200). При использовании органа от стандартного донора с применением статической холодовой консервации частота развития отсроченной функции трансплантата составила 19,3% (19/98), от донора с расширенными критериями – 35,8% (33/92). Послеоперационные осложнения зафиксированы у 25 пациентов (12,5%). Послеоперационные осложнения при развитии отсроченной функции трансплантата диагностированы у 12 больных, что составило 22,6% (12/53), с немедленной функцией – у 13 больных, что составило 8,8% (13/147). Среднее время холодовой консервации у пациентов II группы составило 319,11 ± 110,24 (311–525) минуты. Среднее время машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии – 202,34 ± 21,48 (150–210) минуты. У 1 пациента (10%) II группы наблюдения зафиксирована отсроченная функция трансплантата. Осложнений, в том числе связанных с перфузией, в этой группе больных не зафиксировано.Заключение. Оригинальная методика Боткинской больницы по машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии почечного трансплантата безопасна. Ее проведение ассоциируется с низким риском развития отсроченной функции почечного трансплантата от доноров с расширенными критериями

Персонализированный протокол назначения пролонгированной формы такролимуса реципиентам почечного трансплантата в раннем послеоперационном периоде

Objective: to develop a personalized algorithm for extended-release tacrolimus in kidney recipients and to analyze its early outcomes in comparison with a retrospective control group.Materials and methods. The first (I) control group «Standard Protocol» included 228 patients operated on at Botkin City Clinical Hospital from June 2018 to November 2021; tacrolimus was administered postoperatively in a starting standard dosage of 0.2 mg/kg. The second group (II) consisted of 75 patients operated from December 2021 to November 2022, whose postoperative treatment involved a personalized extended-release tacrolimus dosing protocol. Induction immunosuppression was similar in both groups. The target tacrolimus level in the early postoperative period was considered to be 10-12 ng/ml for all patients. The comparison criteria included incidence of Over-immunosuppression (tacrolimus C0 >15 ng/ml), incidence of acute rejection and infectious complications in the first month after surgery, incidence and duration of delayed graft function (DGF), and length of stay at the hospital.Results. Over-immunosuppression was statistically significantly lower in the personalized protocol group, with 36.7% in group I and 87.5% in group II (p < 0.001). There was also a lower incidence of early infectious complications in group II: 5.4% vs. 13.2%, however, without reaching a level of statistical significance (p = 0.088). DGF incidence in group I and group II were 25.4% (58/228) and 22.7% (17/75), respectively. The length of stay at the hospital in group II was also statistically significantly lower: 13 versus 19 bed days (p = 0.033). In both subgroups, no patient developed acute rejection in the first month after surgery (p = 1).Conclusion. The personalized dosing protocol that was developed for extended-release tacrolimus in kidney recipients achieves the target levels of the drug recommended for the early postoperative period with low risk of under-immunosuppression and associated acute graft rejection, with a significantly lower incidence of over-immunosuppression.Цель: разработать персонализированный алгоритм назначения такролимуса пролонгированного действия и проанализировать первые результаты его применения в сравнении с ретроспективной контрольной группой.Материалы и методы. В первую контрольную группу «Стандартного протокола» вошли 228 пациентов, оперированных в ГКБ им. С.П. Боткина с июня 2018 года по ноябрь 2021 года, в послеоперационном периоде которым назначался такролимус в стартовой стандартной дозировке 0,2 мг/кг. Вторую группу составили 75 пациентов, оперированных с декабря 2021 года по ноябрь 2022 года, в послеоперационном лечении которых использовался персонализированный протокол назначения такролимуса пролонгированного действия. Индукционная иммуносупрессия была одинакова в обеих группах. Целевой концентрацией такролимуса в раннем послеоперационном периоде считали 10-12 нг/мл для всех пациентов. Критериями сравнения являлись: частота развития гипериммуносупрессии (С0 такролимуса более 15 нг/мл), частота развития острого отторжения и инфекционных осложнений в первый месяц после операции, частота развития и длительность отсроченной функции почечного трансплантата (ОФПТ), а также длительность госпитализации.Результаты. Гипериммуносупрессия была статистически значимо ниже в группе персонализированного протокола, в I группе - 36,7%, во II группе - 87,5% (р < 0,001). Во II группе также было отмечено снижение частоты ранних инфекционных осложнений: 5,4% против 13,2%, однако без достижения уровня статистической значимости (р = 0,088). Частота развития ОФПТ в I группе составила 25,4% (58 из 228), во II - 22,7% (17 из 75). Длительность госпитализации во II группе была также статистически значимо ниже: 13 койко-дней против 19 (р = 0,033). В обеих подгруппах ни у одного пациента не было развития острого отторжения в первый месяц после операции (р = 1).Заключение. Разработанный персонализированный протокол назначения пролонгированной формы такролимуса пациентам после трансплантации почки позволяет достичь рекомендованных для раннего послеоперационного периода целевых концентраций препарата с низким риском развития гипоиммуносупрессии и ассоциированного с ним острого отторжения трансплантата при достоверно меньшей частоте развития гипериммуносупрессии