Exact Pair Production Rate for a Smooth Potential Step

We derive the exact rate of pair production of oppositely charged scalar particles by a smooth potential proportional to tanh kz in three dimensions. As a check we recover from this the known results for an infinitely sharp step as well as for a uniform electric field.Comment: Removed the labels and improved the pape

Area-Efficient FPGA Implementation of Minimalistic Convolutional Neural Network Using Residue Number System

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is the promising tool for solving task of image recognition in computer vision systems. However, the most known implementation of CNNs require a significant amount of memory for storing weights in training and work. To reduce the resource costs of CNN implementation we propose the architecture that separated on hardware and software parts for performance optimization. Also we propose to use Residue Number System (RNS) arithmetic in the hardware part which implements the convolutional layer of CNN. Software simulation using Matlab 2017b shows that CNN with a minimum number of layers can be quickly and successfully trained. Hardware simulation using FPGA Kintex7 xc7k70tfbg484-2 demonstrates that using RNS in convolutional layer of CNN allows to reduce hardware costs by 32% compared with the traditional approach based on the binary number system

Quark mass correction to the string potential

A consistent method for calculating the interquark potential generated by the relativistic string with massive ends is proposed. In this approach the interquark potential in the model of the Nambu--Goto string with point--like masses at its ends is calculated. At first the calculation is done in the one--loop approximation and then the variational estimation is performed. The quark mass correction results in decreasing the critical distance (deconfinement radius). When quark mass decreases the critical distance also decreases. For obtaining a finite result under summation over eigenfrequencies of the Nambu--Goto string with massive ends a suitable mode--by--mode subtraction is proposed. This renormalization procedure proves to be completely unique. In the framework of the developed approach the one--loop interquark potential in the model of the relativistic string with rigidity is also calculated.Comment: 34 pages, LATE

Рекомендации по оказанию паллиативной помощи при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе

This article is a critical review of palliative care for ALS patients in Russia. The authors summarize the principal European guidelines, analyze local practice guidelines regarding palliative care, present their experience in ALS patients care in a multidisciplinary team (projectof the Orthodox service "Miloserdie"). Аuthors describe the main approaches for ALS symptom management available in Russia (including swallowing difficulties, breathlessness, pain, difficulties in communication).В настоящей статье представлен критический взгляд на проблему оказания паллиативной помощи пациентам с боковым амиотрофическим склерозом (БАС) в России. Авторы обобщили основные Европейские рекомендации, проанализировали нормативные документы, регламентирующие оказание паллиативной помощи, представили свой опыт работы с больными БАС, основанный на деятельности мультидисциплинарной службы помощи больным БАС в рамках проекта Православной службы «Милосердие». Также описаны основные подходы к коррекции симптомов БАС, включая нарушения глотания, одышку, боль, сложности в коммуникации

НЕЙРОННЫЕ СЕТИ КОНЕЧНОГО КОЛЬЦА НА ОСНОВЕ РЕДУКЦИОННОЙ СХЕМЫ ПОЗИЦИОННО-МОДУЛЯРНОГО КОДОВОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article studies the problem of creating a neural network of modular computing structures for highperformance expressions in the field of information security. The main attention is paid to the reduction technology of position-modular transformation of scalable integers, which serves as the basis for constructing the so-called neural networks of the finite ring (NNFR). To increase the speed of convergence of the reduction scheme used to reduce the number of elements of the generated sequence of residues, an effective tabular method is proposed. The developed approach makes it possible to reduce the number of iterations of the reduction process to a theoretical minimum. This is achieved through flexible adaptive mechanism check botheration deductions to a special range, allowing a tabular decomposition of its elements into pairs of residues in modules of the modular number system. On the basis of a modified reduction method there was synthesized a fast algorithm and a parallel structure of the NNFR with feedback, which ensures the implementation of the reduction scheme in a time order (S(⌈log2b⌉+1) +2)tsum, were S – the number of iterations, b – the bit width of the input number, – the duration of the addition operation of two deductions. Рассматривается проблема создания нейросетевых модулярных вычислительных структур для высокопроизводительных выражений в области защиты информации. Главное внимание уделяется редукционной технологии позиционно-модулярного преобразования масштабируемых целых чисел, которая служит основой для построения так называемых нейронных сетей конечного кольца (НСКК). Для повышения скорости сходимости используемой редукционной схемы понижения разрядности элементов формируемой последовательности вычетов предложен эффективный табличный метод. Разработанный подход позволяет свести к теоретическому минимуму количество итераций редукционного процесса. Это достигается за счет применения гибкого адаптивного механизма проверки принадлежности поитерационных вычетов к специальному диапазону, допускающему табличную декомпозицию его элементов на пары остатков по модулям модулярной системы счисления. На базе модифицированного редукционного метода синтезированы быстрый алгоритм и параллельная структура НСКК с обратной связью, обеспечивающая реализацию редукционной схемы за время (S(⌈log2b⌉+1) +2)tсл , где S – число итераций, b – разрядность входного числа, – длительность операции сложения двух вычетов

Возможности навигационной транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции в сложных диагностических случаях вовлечения верхнего мотонейрона: клиническое наблюдение

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized with lesions of both upper and lower motor neurons. In accordance with modern diagnostics criteria, only clinical symptoms are used for revealing lesions of the upper motor neuron with the ALS, which often causes serious difficulties. Absence of the pyramidal syndrome does not allow diagnosing ALS, and the diagnosis of progressive muscular atrophy should be set in these cases. We describe a case of an isolated generalized lesion of the lower motor neuron with the signs of cortical motor neurons lesion revealed in the course of navigational transcranial magnetic stimulation. Possible reasons for difficulties in detecting pyramidal syndrome are discussed together with the necessity of working out the criteria of instrumental diagnostics of lesions of the upper motor neuron in ALS.Боковой амиотрофический склероз (БАС) – нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся поражением как верхнего, так и нижнего мотонейронов. Согласно современным критериям диагностики для выявления поражения верхнего мотонейрона при БАС используют только клинические признаки, что нередко вызывает значительные трудности. Отсутствие пирамидного синдрома не позволяет диагностировать БАС, и в этих случаях ставится диагноз прогрессирующей мышечной атрофии. Описан случай пациентки с изолированным генерализованным поражением нижнего мотонейрона, у которой признаки поражения корковых мотонейронов были выявлены при проведении навигационной транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции. Обсуждаются возможные причины сложностей выявления пирамидного синдрома, а также необходимость разработки критериев инструментальной диагностики поражения верхнего мотонейрона при БАС

Improvement of harvesting technology of sorghum

The last years have seen a wide application of grain crop stripping technology. All harvesting combines are now equipped with stripper heads. Due to the decrease of number of stems in the stripped grain mass the load on the threshing unit also decreases on 75-80%. It increases productivity of grain harvester in 1.5-1.7 times. Because of a small share of the lands under sorghum, participating in crop rotations, the implementation of sorghum harvesting by stripping technology is paid little attention. At the same time when sorghum is harvested by the traditional method of threshing, plant stems are compressed and rubbed. As a result moisture of the stems falls on grain, it is absorbed by grain and it increases grain humidity. The stripping harvesting does no deform the stems that allow harvesting grain with the same moisture as before stripping. Thus the article considers the possibility to adapt harvesting stripping technology for sorghum, though it has been predominantly designed for grain crops. The experiments showed that the share of non-grain part after stripping of the grain sorghum variety ‘Zernogradskoe 53’ was 17.3%, that was similar to the stripped grain mass of grain crops and in 1.77 times less than after stripping of sweet sorghum. The data about losses of grain obtained during the study greatly vary. The grain losses after stripping of sweet sorghum were 7.6%, that was in 2.64 times more than after stripping of grain sorghum variety ‘Zernogradskoe 53’. Thus, the grain sorghum variety ‘Zernogradskoe 53’ and other varieties of the similar morphology can be harvested with crop stripping technology, using constantly manufactured stripper headers. But the present stripper headers are not suitable for harvesting of sweet sorghum and other varieties of similar morphology and they require large modernization

The study results of the characteristics of winter wheat variety ‘Dmitry’ to substantiate parameters and regimes of stripping reaper work

It’s necessary to know more than ten physical-mechanical characteristics including height, weight and strength of plants and their parts to design and work on the harvesters stripping plants under roots. The former conducted researchers of various winter wheat varieties show, that their physical-mechanical characteristics are greatly different, e.g. the length of a stem and its diameter of the studied variety ‘Dmitry’ is 0.8m and 3.65mm respectively, while the length of a stem and its diameter of the variety ‘Grom’ is 0.545m and 3.2mm respectively. Due to various geometric characteristics of the compared varieties the stem cutting force of the variety ‘Grom’ was 2.29 kG, that is on 1.35 less than that of the variety ‘Dmitry’. Intravarietal variations of physical-mechanical characteristics of the winter wheat plants are of great importance as well. The variation of stem length of the winter wheat variety ‘Dmitry’ is of 0.35-1.25m, the angle of its bending to fracture is of 29.260-74.740. The size and aspect ratio of plant characteristics have a great effect on the mutual arrangement of the fairing and the stripping drum and the position of the reaper against the field surface. The values of the coefficient of friction of the heap components along the working surfaces of the stripper as well as the coefficient of grain recovery influence upon the speed of its detachment from the ear, the trajectory of motion in the transport channel, and, ultimately, the quality of the whole process. That’s why their study is of great importance

Methods and results of identification of natural interconnection of grain and an ear during ripening and complete ripeness

The new and complete scientific knowledge and information on the physical and mechanical characteristics and morphological traits of the ear of plants are necessary to design and develop less energy-intensive and less injurious threshing methods. The purpose of the research is to establish a change in the coupling strengths of kernels and ear during a ripening period, taking into account the grain moisture and varietal characteristics of winter wheat. It was established that the maximum values of the coupling strengths of spikelet scales and kernels with an ear during the daytime were 17.84 N for the variety “Admiral” and 11.6 N for the variety “Luchezar”. The coupling strengths of kernels and ear and the force of kernel separation effort from the ear significantly depend on: 1) varietal traits of winter wheat (more than in 2 times); 2) humidity of plants during the period of ripening and harvesting time, depending on the variety from 30 to 100%; 3) changes in the moisture content of grain and an ear due to precipitation in 1.5–2.0 times

NEURAL NETWORKS OF THE FINAL RING BASED ON THE REDUCTION SCHEME OF THE POSITION-MODULAR-CODE TRANSFORMATION

The article studies the problem of creating a neural network of modular computing structures for highperformance expressions in the field of information security. The main attention is paid to the reduction technology of position-modular transformation of scalable integers, which serves as the basis for constructing the so-called neural networks of the finite ring (NNFR). To increase the speed of convergence of the reduction scheme used to reduce the number of elements of the generated sequence of residues, an effective tabular method is proposed. The developed approach makes it possible to reduce the number of iterations of the reduction process to a theoretical minimum. This is achieved through flexible adaptive mechanism check botheration deductions to a special range, allowing a tabular decomposition of its elements into pairs of residues in modules of the modular number system. On the basis of a modified reduction method there was synthesized a fast algorithm and a parallel structure of the NNFR with feedback, which ensures the implementation of the reduction scheme in a time order (S(⌈log2b⌉+1) +2)tsum, were S – the number of iterations, b – the bit width of the input number, – the duration of the addition operation of two deductions