Resistance to Antibiotics in Strains of Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli Isolated from Rectal Swabs of Pigs

The study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected bacterial species (Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli) isolated from rectal swabs of pigs to antimicrobial agents. The tested strains were isolated from piglets aged 7 to 30 days. Bacterial species were identified by standard microbiological techniques and susceptibility to antibiotics was determined quantitatively by the standard microdilution method. Resistance of the Staphylococcus aureus strain to oxacillin was confirmed by detection of the mecA gene and PBP2a. A total of 115 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were collected. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, the methicillin-resistant strain (MRSA) was identified. Moreover, higher frequency of coagulase-negative staphylococci with minimum inhibitory concentration of oxacillin ≥ 0.5 mg/l was noticed. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in the Staphylococcus hominis strain was also detected. The strains of Enterococcus spp. (61 isolates) exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (98.5%), erythromycin (86.8%) and chloramphenicol (54.4%). Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were not isolated. In the case of Escherichia coli strains (111 isolates), higher frequency of resistant strains to tetracycline (81.1%) and ampicillin (62.2%) was documented. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and production of broad-spectrum β-lactamases was not noticed. The presented study may be considered as a pilot project assessing the prevalence of resistant bacteria in piglets kept on a single farm. It demonstrated the presence of resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp., including one MRSA strain, Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. These strains may be present as a result of postnatal colonization with both bacterial microflora of dams and environmental microflora

DIRECT RECONSTRUCTION OF PERMANENT DENTITION OF A PATIENT WITH AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Introduction and aim: Amelogenesis imperfecta associates a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of developmental defects affecting the appearance and structure of enamel, which more or less severely affect all dental functions. Manifestations of amelogenesis imperfecta are considered by patients to be a compromise of aesthetics and increased tooth sensitivity. The consequences of the disease have a detrimental effect on adolescents who integrate into groups and seek their place in society. However, the traditional treatment approach can be very expensive and may require a certain degree of psychological resilience of the patient due to the pain and time consuming treatment. These treatment requirements, together with the insufficient thickness of the secondary dentin layer, thus often force the physician to delay treatment, which may adversely affect the patient's psychosocial development. Self-observation: A fifteen-year-old patient was sent to the prosthetic department for complete reconstruction of permanent teeth with a diagnosis of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. Due to the nature of the disease, immediate direct reconstruction was performed. Conclusion: An unprepared approach is possible even in adolescence. Hard dental tissues are preserved, the vitality of the dental pulp is not endangered and the patient's psychological burden is reduced. Direct reconstruction can be approached provided the patient cooperates. This approach must be combined with consistent treatment of the tooth surface to reduce adhesion and plaque retention. The advantage is also that any partial failure of the reconstruction is relatively easy to repair in the case of direct reconstruction