Разработка стандартных образцов газопроницаемости

The article presents the development of reference materials of gas permeability of rocks (imitators) with traceability to Get 210–2019: State Primary Standard of Units of Specific Adsorption of Gases, Specific Surface Area of Pores, Specific Volume of Pores, Dimension of Pores, Open Porosity, and Coefficient of Gas Permeability of Solid Substances and Fabricated Materials. At the time of the beginning of this study, in the system of metrological assurance of gas permeability coefficient measurements, there were only reference materials of an approved type with traceability to the measurement results obtained in an interlaboratory experiment using gas permeability analyzers that were calibrated using the same reference materials, and reference materials with traceability to the State Primary Standard were absent. As a result, in the metrological practice of gas permeability measurement, there was no stable basis for comparison. This fact prompted the authors to research work in this area. The article considers the key stages of the process of reference materials development: analysis of similar reference materials of an approved type, selection of the starting material for reference materials, performing experimental research, and determining, on the basis of this research, the metrological characteristics of reference materials. Ceramic cylinders based on aluminum oxide were used as the starting material for reference materials; the method to measure the gas permeability coefficient is based on the method of stationary filtration. Measurements of the gas permeability coefficient were carried out on samples with different gas permeability using nitrogen and helium gases. Based on the results of these measurements, for each sample, the gas permeability coefficients were calculated at the given reverse pore pressure and the absolute gas permeability coefficient. As a result of the study, a set of reference materials of gas permeability of rocks (imitators) GSO 11546–2020 /GSO 11550–2020 was approved, the range of certified values is (0.1 10–3 – 5) μm2 , and the expanded uncertainty of certified values Uo (k = 2, P = 0.95), is 3 %. The authors believe that the GSO 11546–2020 / GSO 11550–2020 dataset will ensure metrological traceability and reliability of gas permeability coefficient measurements. As a result, it will bring practical relevance to a petrophysical research laboratory.Статья посвящена разработке стандартных образцов газопроницаемости горных пород (имитаторы), имеющих прослеживаемость к Государственному первичному эталону единиц удельной адсорбции газов, удельной поверхности, удельного объема пор, размера пор, открытой пористости и коэффициента газопроницаемости ГЭТ 210-2019. На момент начала данного исследования в системе метрологического обеспечения измерений коэффициента газопроницаемости существовали только стандартные образцы утвержденного типа с прослеживаемостью к результатам измерений, полученным в межлабораторном эксперименте с помощью анализаторов газопроницаемости, калиброванных с помощью тех же самых стандартных образцов, а стандартные образцы с прослеживаемостью к государственному первичному эталону отсутствовали. Вследствие этого в метрологической практике измерений газопроницаемости отсутствовала стабильная во времени основа для сравнения, что и побудило авторов начать работу в данной области. В статье рассматриваются ключевые этапы процесса разработки стандартных образцов: анализ аналогичных стандартных образцов утвержденного типа, выбор исходного материала стандартных образцов, проведение экспериментальных исследований и установление на основе этих исследований метрологических характеристик стандартных образцов. В качестве исходного материала стандартных образцов использовались керамические цилиндры на основе оксида алюминия; методика измерений коэффициента газопроницаемости основана на методе стационарной фильтрации. Измерения коэффициента газопроницаемости были проведены на образцах с различной газопроницаемостью с помощью газов азота и гелия. По результатам этих измерений для каждого образца были рассчитаны коэффициенты газопроницаемости при заданных обратных поровых давлениях и коэффициент абсолютной газопроницаемости. В результате проведенного исследования был утвержден набор стандартных образцов газопроницаемости горных пород (имитаторы) ГСО 11546–2020/ГСО 11550–2020, диапазон аттестованных значений которых составляет (0,1·10–3 – 5) мкм2 , а расширенная неопределенность аттестованных значений Uo (при k = 2 и P = 0,95) установлена 3 %. Авторы считают, что набор данных ГСО 11546–2020/ГСО 11550–2020 обеспечит метрологическую прослеживаемость и достоверность результатов измерений коэффициентов газопроницаемости, что в свою очередь будет иметь практическую значимость для лабораторий, занимающихся петрофизическими исследованиями

Creation of reference specimens of the sorption properties of nanoporous silica gels

A technique for the synthesis of nanoporous silica gels is developed. Reference specimens are created and an estimate of their metrological characteristics is performed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Создание эталонной установки на основе метода кулонометрии с контролируемым потенциалом в рамках совершенствования государственного первичного эталона ГЭТ 176 и ее измерительные возможности

The results of developing of reference installation, based on a controlled-potential coulometry, in the frame of improving the State primary standard of the units of mass (molar) fraction and mass (molar) concentration of a component in the liquid and solid substances and materials GET 176 are presented. The physical principles of controlled-potential coulometry, content and metrological characteristics of the developed installation are considered. Measurement results of copper, iron and lead contents in the certified reference materials of metals' solutions and CRM of brass produced by BAM, Germany, obtained using reference installation are given.Приведены результаты разработки эталонной установки, реализующей метод кулонометрии с контролируемым потенциалом, в рамках совершенствования государственного первичного эталона ГЭТ 176. Рассмотрены физические принципы метода кулонометрии, состав и метрологические характеристики установки. Приведены результаты измерений содержания меди, железа и свинца в стандартных образцах состава раствора ионов и стандартном образце состава бронзы производства ВАМ, Германия, полученные на эталонной установке в составе ГЭТ 17

СИСТЕМА СТАНДАРТНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ НАУЧНОГО МЕТОДИЧЕСКОГО ЦЕНТРА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ СТАНДАРТНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ СОСТАВА И СВОЙСТВ ВЕЩЕСТВ И МАТЕРИАЛОВ ФГУП «УНИИМ»

Since 1960s UNIIM performs research in the field of needs in reference materials of composition and properties of substances and materials (RM) as well as develops it. During the research UNIIM has developed 757 types of RMs for metrological measurement assurance of factors of composition and properties of substance and materials for test laboratories of chemical, pharmaceutical, fuel, food industry, agriculture, metallurgy and ecological monitoring laboratories. List ofRMs enlarges thanks to development of UNIIM standards and transmission measurement facility from State standards of units. Taking into account the actual requirements in the field of measurements, the UNIIM's key destination is to assure the accuracy and the metrological traceability of measurements. The present-day system of RMs to be developed in UNIIM includes RMs of composition of inorganic and organic compounds and their solutions, fuels, stable isotopic materials, water, grounds, food products, biomaterials, nanomaterials, metals, alloys and other materials offerrous and non-ferrous industry, RMs of properties (thermodynamic, magnetic, physical-chemical, technical) of substances and materials. The present article considers history of RMs list development which were created by UNIIM and the strategy of this direction.Исследования в области мониторинга потребности в стандартных образцах состава и свойств веществ и материалов (СО), создание стандартных образцов УНИИМ проводит c 60-х годов ХХ века. За годы исследований УНИИМ разработал 757 типов СО для метрологического обеспечения измерений показателей состава и свойств веществ и материалов, предназначенных для испытательных лабораторий химической, фармацевтической, топливной, пищевой промышленности, сельского хозяйства, металлургии, лабораторий экологического мониторинга. Развитие номенклатуры СО, выпускаемых УНИИМ, неразрывно связано с развитием эталонной базы УНИИМ и формированием средств передачи измерительной возможности от государственных эталонов единиц величин. Учитывая современные требования в области измерений, ключевым предназначением СО УНИИМ является обеспечение точности и метрологической прослежи-ваемости измерений. Современная система СО, разрабатываемых и выпускаемых УНИИМ, включает СО состава неорганических и органических соединений и их растворов, топлив, стабильных изотопных материалов, воды, почвы, пищевых продуктов, биологических материалов, наноматериалов, металлов, сплавов и других материалов цветной, черной металлургии, СО свойств (термодинамических, магнитных, физико-химических, технических) веществ и материалов. Настоящая статья посвящена историческим этапам развития номенклатуры СО, разрабатываемых и выпускаемых УНИИМ, а также перспективам развития в этом направлении

Thought Problems from Adolescence to Adulthood: Measurement Invariance and Longitudinal Heritability

This study investigates the longitudinal heritability in Thought Problems (TP) as measured with ten items from the Adult Self Report (ASR). There were ~9,000 twins, ~2,000 siblings and ~3,000 additional family members who participated in the study and who are registered at the Netherlands Twin Register. First an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the underlying factor structure of the TP-scale. Then the TP-scale was tested for measurement invariance (MI) across age and sex. Next, genetic and environmental influences were modeled on the longitudinal development of TP across three age groups (12–18, 19–27 and 28–59 year olds) based on the twin and sibling relationships in the data. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor solution, and MI analyses indicated that the same TP-construct is assessed across age and sex. Two additive genetic components influenced TP across age: the first influencing TP throughout all age groups, while the second arises during young adulthood and stays significant throughout adulthood. The additive genetic components explained 37% of the variation across all age groups. The remaining variance (63%) was explained by unique environmental influences. The longitudinal phenotypic correlation between these age groups was entirely explained by the additive genetic components. We conclude that the TP-scale measures a single underlying construct across sex and different ages. These symptoms are significantly influenced by additive genetic factors from adolescence to late adulthood

BATING A REFERENCE INSTALLATION BASED ON CONTROLLED-POTENTIAL COULOMETRY METOD IN THE FRAME OF IMPROVING THE STATE PRIMARY STANDARD GET 176 AND ITS MEASUREMENT CAPABILITIES

The results of developing of reference installation, based on a controlled-potential coulometry, in the frame of improving the State primary standard of the units of mass (molar) fraction and mass (molar) concentration of a component in the liquid and solid substances and materials GET 176 are presented. The physical principles of controlled-potential coulometry, content and metrological characteristics of the developed installation are considered. Measurement results of copper, iron and lead contents in the certified reference materials of metals' solutions and CRM of brass produced by BAM, Germany, obtained using reference installation are given

On the use of pure inorganic substances in metrology of analytical measurements

Analysis revealed, that in the area of chemical composition measurements high-purity substances may be regarded as the best measurement capabilities in the database of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Until now none of the countries of the world has the complete collection of high purity substances with evaluated purity level. At the present time the development of high-purity substances with evaluated values of mass fractions of the base substance is intensively going on to ensure metrological traceability to SI units using both primary methods and other instrumental methods of analysis

REFERENCE MATERIALS SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC METHODICAL CENTRE OF STATE SERVICE OF REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS URAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR METROLOGY

Since 1960s UNIIM performs research in the field of needs in reference materials of composition and properties of substances and materials (RM) as well as develops it. During the research UNIIM has developed 757 types of RMs for metrological measurement assurance of factors of composition and properties of substance and materials for test laboratories of chemical, pharmaceutical, fuel, food industry, agriculture, metallurgy and ecological monitoring laboratories. List ofRMs enlarges thanks to development of UNIIM standards and transmission measurement facility from State standards of units. Taking into account the actual requirements in the field of measurements, the UNIIM's key destination is to assure the accuracy and the metrological traceability of measurements. The present-day system of RMs to be developed in UNIIM includes RMs of composition of inorganic and organic compounds and their solutions, fuels, stable isotopic materials, water, grounds, food products, biomaterials, nanomaterials, metals, alloys and other materials offerrous and non-ferrous industry, RMs of properties (thermodynamic, magnetic, physical-chemical, technical) of substances and materials. The present article considers history of RMs list development which were created by UNIIM and the strategy of this direction