Influence of a newly-synthesised 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne derivative on antioxidant indices of blood and performance of turkey hens

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a newly-synthesised 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne derivative on the antioxidant status and performance of turkey hens. The experiment was conducted on six-week old Big-6 turkey hens, divided equally into four groups (60 birds/group). The treatments were: T0 – control (no triazyne supplement) and T15, T30, T45: 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne supplementation at 15, 30 and 45 μg/kg BW/day, respectively. The additive was administered over a period of eight weeks. A two-week break with no triazyne supplementation was given in the middle of that period. The performance indices were body weight, feed conversion ratio and the Index of Rearing Effectiveness (WEO). The antioxidant parameters were superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in erythrocytes and copper, iron and zinc concentrations in plasma. None of these measurements were affected by any of the supplementation treatments. However, after four weeks the supplementation of the 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne derivative caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity in the erythrocytes of the hens, and after 10 weeks, only at the highest dose of supplementation. After four weeks of supplementation, the group that received the highest dose of the additive showed an increase in total antioxidant potential (FRAP) in the plasma as well as in its components, i.e. uric acid and vitamin C. After 10 weeks of supplementation a decrease was recorded in the FRAP value, as well as in uric acid, ascorbic acid and Cu concentrations in plasma. The observed growth of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants may indicate a mobilization of the antioxidant defence system. However, at the end of experiment, the significant decrease in the plasma concentration of the non-enzymatic antioxidants suggests that the body reserves were depleted.Keywords: Amidrazone derivative, antioxidant status, FRAP, Index of rearing effectivenes

Content of selected metals in forest fruits depending on the harvest site

Oznaczono zawartość Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe i Mn w próbkach owoców leśnych: borówki czarnej, maliny właściwej i poziomki pospolitej, pozyskanych w woj. lubelskim, na obszarach uznanych za potencjalnie wolne od zanieczyszczeń (Skierbieszowski Park Krajobrazowy) i na terenach potencjalnie zanieczyszczonych (Cementownia Rejowiec S.A.). Analizowane owoce pochodzące ze stanowisk bardziej narażonych na emisję zanieczyszczeń charakteryzowały się wyższą zawartością ołowiu (z wyj. maliny właściwej) oraz pozostałych metali, niż badane surowce z terenu Gminy Kraśniczyn. Spośród analizowanych owoców najniższą zawartość Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn odznaczała się borówka czarna, natomiast największą zawartością Pb, Zn i Mn charakteryzowała się poziomka pospolita. Zawartość kadmu w analizowanych surowcach roślinnych była wysoka.Contents of selected metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) were determined in samples of forest fruits: blueberry, raspberry and wild strawberry harvested in Lublin region from areas considered as potentially not exposed to pollution (Skierbieszów Landscape Park) and potentially polluted areas (Cement Factory Rejowiec S.A.). Analyzed fruits originating from stands more exposed to pollution were characterized by higher lead (except from raspberry) as well as other metals contents than those from Krasiczyn commune. Among studied fruits, blueberry was distinguished by the lowest contents of Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, wild strawberry contained the highest levels of Pb, Zn and Mn. Cadmium content in analyzed plant materials was high

Influence of habitat conditions on macroelements and trace elements in selected fruits grown in the Lublin region

Oznaczono zawartość makroelementów oraz pierwiastków śladowych w owocach porzeczki czarnej, porzeczki czerwonej, maliny, śliwki węgierki i winogrona białego. Materiał do badań pobrano w województwie lubelskim na terenach potencjalnie narażonych i nienarażonych na ekspozycję zanieczyszczeń (ogrody działkowe w Lublinie oraz ogrody działkowe na wsi). W badanych owocach stwierdzono bardzo wysoką zawartość kadmu - od 0,192 mg-kg-1 do 0,545 mg-kg-1 świeżej masy, co wielokrotnie przekraczało wartość dopuszczalną 0,03 mg-kg-1 dla owoców jagodowych oraz 0,02 mg kg-1 dla owoców pestkowych. Zawartość badanych makroelementów (Na, K, Ca, Mg) i pozostałych pierwiastków śladowych (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) była dosyć niska i nie stanowiła zagrożenia dla zdrowia człowieka.The content of some macroelements as well as trace elements in blackcurrant, redcurrant, raspberry, sweet prune and white grape fruits collected in Lublin region was determined. Samples for determinations were taken from areas potentially exposed and unexposed to pollution (gardens in the town of Lublin and in the countryside). The analysed fruits were characterised by a very high Cd content, ranging from 0.192 mg-kg-1 to 0.545 mg-kg-1 of fresh mass. Such concentrations considerably exceeded the permissible level of 0.03 mg-kg-1 for berries and 0.02 mg-kg-1 for drupes. The content of the remaining macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) was low enough and did not create danger to human health

Contents of tannins and oxalic acid in the selected forest fruits depending on the harvest site

Oznaczono zawartość garbników oraz kwasu szczawiowego w owocach: borówki czarnej, maliny właściwej oraz poziomki pospolitej, pozyskanych z terenów potencjalnie wolnych od zanieczyszczeń (Gmina Kraśniczyn) oraz z miejsc bardziej narażonych na emisję zanieczyszczeń (Rejowiec Fabryczny). Zawartość garbników w owocach poziomki pospolitej oraz koncentracja kwasu szczawiowego w owocach borówki czarnej, pochodzących z okolic potencjalnie nie narażonych na ekspozycję zanieczyszczeń była wyższa, niż w surowcach pozyskanych z okolic Rejowca Fabrycznego. Średnie zawartości garbników oraz kwasu szczawiowego w analizowanych owocach leśnych były niskie.Contents of anti-nutritional components (tannins and oxalic acid) were determined in samples of forest fruits: blueberry, raspberry and wild strawberry harvested in Lublin region from areas considered as potentially not exposed to pollution (Skierbieszów Landscape Park) and potentially polluted areas (Cement Factory Rejowiec S.A.). Study revealed that blueberry and raspberry fruits collected on potentially polluted area were characterized by higher tannins contents than those harvested on potentially not polluted area. Oxalic acid level in studied material indicated its significantly higher concentration in wild strawberry fruits collected both from not exposed and polluted areas as compared to raspberry and blueberry. Tannins and oxalic acid contents in analyzed berries may be accepted as low and safe for human's health