Obesity with and without type 2 diabetes: are there differences in obesity history, lifestyle factors or concomitant pathology?

Background: Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but a large number of patients with morbid obesity maintain normal glycemia for a long time. There are no definite easy-to-measure clinical features that distinguish severely obese people who will or will not develop T2D. These features may be useful in clinical practice to predict T2D development in obese patients.Aims: We aimed to identify clinical features (lifestyle factors, obesity history, concomitant diseases) that may be associated with T2D in obese patients.Materials and methods: The study was conducted at single center during 2002 and 2017 and recruited patients with BMI≥30 kg/m2 who attended bariatric surgeon. Patients weight and height were assessed by the doctor, other features were obtained from the questionnaire: overweight and obesity history (age of onset, duration, family history of obesity), lifestyle factors, T2D and concomitant diseases medical history. Patients were divided into 2 groups with regard to the presence of T2D. Data analysis was performed with Statistica 13.3.Results: The study included 170 patients with known T2D and 528 patients without history of T2D and prediabetes. Both groups had similar gender structure, as well as current and peak BMI. There were no significant differences in overweight/obesity duration, obesity family history, lifestyle factors and smoking status of patients. Obese patients without T2D were younger than T2D patients at the time of T2D onset (median age 40 and 45 years respectively). Patients without T2D started to gain weight earlier than those with T2D (median age 17 and 25 years respectively) and reached their peak BMI during 1 year before study entry, while patients with T2D went through maximum weight previously. The frequencies of concomitant diseases didn’t differ between the groups with the exception of hypertension that started later in patients with T2D (median age 51 and 47 years in patients with and without T2D respectively); also patients with T2D had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic back pain less often than patients without T2D with regard to age.Conclusions: Clinical features that distinguished obese patients with and without T2D were age at the start of overweight/ obesity and concomitant disease profile (hypertension, GERD, chronic back pain) at corresponding age

Гипотеза о «заградительном ряде» для дзета-функций моноидов с экспоненциальной последовательностью простых

The work continues the study of a new class of Dirichlet series — Zeta function of monoids of natural numbers. First of all, we study in detail the Zeta function ζ(M(q)|α) of geometric progress M(q) with the first term equal to 1 and an arbitrary natural denominator q > 1, which is the simplest monoid of natural numbers with a unique decomposition into simple elements of the monoid. For a meromorphic function ζ(M(q)|α) = qα /qα−1 with many poles S(M(q)) ={︂2πik lnq⃒ ⃒ ⃒ ⃒k ∈Z}︂representations are received:ζ(M(q)|α) =qα 2 αlnq∞ ∏︁ n=1(︂1 + α2 ln2 q 4π2n2 )︂−1 = 1 2+1 αlnq+∞ ∑︁ n=12αlnq α2 ln2 q + 4n2π2==qα 2 αlnq 4π2Γ(︂αilnq 2π )︂Γ(︂−αilnq 2π )︂.For the Zeta function ζ(M(p~)|α) of the monoid M(p~) with a finite number of primesp~ = (p1,...,pn) the decomposition into an infinite product is obtainedζ(M(p~)|α) =P(p~)α 2 αnQ(p~)n ∏︁ ν=1∞ ∏︁ m=1(︂1 + α2 ln2 pν 4π2m2 )︂−1 ,where P(p~) = p1 ...pn, Q(p~) = lnp1 ...lnpn, and a functional equation is found ζ(M(p~)|−α) = (−1)n ζ(M(p~)|α) P(p~)α .For the monoid of positive integers M*(p~) = N·M−1(p~) with a unique Prime factorization consisting of positive integers n mutually Prime with P(p~) = p1 ...pn, and for the Euler product P(M*(p~)/ alpha), consisting of factors for all primes other than p1,...,pn, a functional equation is foundζ(M*(p~)|α) = M(p~,α)ζ(M*(p~)|1−α),whereM(p~,α) = M(α)· M1(p~,α) M1(p~,1−α) , M1(p~,α) = n ∏︁ ν=1(︂1− 1 pα ν)︂.It is proved that for any infinite set of Prime P1 there is no analytic function equal tolim /n→∞ζ(M(p~n)|α)on the whole complex plane.The protective series conjecture is formulated for any exponential set of PE primes.In conclusion, topical problems with zeta-functions of monoids of natural numbers that require further investigation are considered.В работе продолжено изучение нового класса рядов Дирихле — дзета-функции мо­ноидов натуральных чисел. Прежде всего детально изучена дзета-функция ????(M(g)|a) геометрической прогресс М(q) с первым членом равным 1 и произвольным натураль­ным знаменателем q > 1, которая является простейшем моноидом натуральных чисел с однозначным разложением на простые элементы моноида. Для мероморфной функции ????(M(g)|a) = qa/qα -1, имеющей множество полюсовS(M(q)) ={2πikl/lnq│k ∈Z}получены представления:ζ(M(q)|α) = ∞ ∏︁ n=1(1 + α2 ln2 q 4π2n2 )︂−1 = 1 2 + 1 αlnq + ∞ ∑︁ n=1 2αlnq α2 ln2 q + 4n2π2 = = q α 2 αlnq 4π2 Γ(︂αilnq 2π )︂Γ(︂−αilnq 2π )︂.Для дзета-функции ζ(M(p~)|α) моноида M(p~) с конечным числом простых чиселp~ = (p1,...,pn) получено разложение в бесконечное произведениеζ(M(p~)|α) =P(p~)α 2 αnQ(p~)n ∏︁ ν=1∞ ∏︁ m=1(︂1 + α2 ln2 pν 4π2m2 )︂−1 ,где P(p~) = p1 ...pn, Q(p~) = lnp1 ...lnpn, и найдено функциональное уравнение ζ(M(p~)|−α) = (−1)n ζ(M(p~)|α) P(p~)α .Для моноида натуральных чисел M*(p~) = N · M−1(p~) с однозначным разложением на простые множители, состоящим из натуральных чисел n взаимно простых с P(p~) = p1 ...pn, и для эйлерово произведение P(M*(p~)|α), состоящего из сомножителей по всем простым числам отличным от p1,...,pn, найдено функциональное уравнение ζ(M*(p~)|α) = M(p~,α)ζ(M*(p~)|1−α), где M(p~,α) = M(α)· M1(p~,α) M1(p~,1−α) , M1(p~,α) = n ∏︁ ν=1(︂1− 1 pα ν)︂.Доказано, что для любого бесконечного множества простых P1 не существует аналитической функции равной lim n→∞ ζ(M(p~n)|α) на всей комплексной плоскости.Сформулирована гипотеза о заградительном ряде для любого экспоненциального множества PE простых чисел.В заключении рассмотрены актуальные задачи с дзета-функциями моноидов натуральных чисел, требующие дальнейшего исследования

О ДРОБНО-ЛИНЕЙНЫХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯХ ФОРМ А. ТУЭ — М. Н. ДОБРОВОЛЬСКОГО — В. Д. ПОДСЫПАНИНА

The work builds on the algebraic theory of polynomials Tue. The theory is based on the study of submodules of Z[????]-module Z[????] 2 . Considers submodules that are defined by one defining relation and one defining relation ????-th order. More complex submodule is the submodule given by one polynomial relation. Sub par Tue ????-th order are directly connected with polynomials Tue ????-th order. Using the algebraic theory of pairs of submodules of Tue ????-th order managed to obtain a new proof of the theorem of M. N. Dobrowolski (senior) that for each ???? there are two fundamental polynomial Tue ????-th order, which are expressed through others. Basic polynomials are determined with an accuracy of unimodular polynomial matrices over the ring of integer polynomials.In the work introduced linear-fractional conversion of TDP-forms. It is shown that the transition from TDP-forms associated with an algebraic number ???? to TDP-the form associated with the residual fraction to algebraic number ????, TDP-form is converted under the law, similar to the transformation of minimal polynomials and the numerators and denominators of the respective pairs of Tue is converted using the linear-fractional transformations of the second kind. В работе строится алгебраическая теория полиномов Туэ. Построение теории опирается на изучение подмодулей Z[t]-модуля Z[t]2. Рассматриваются подмодули, заданные одним определяющим соотношением и одним определяющим соотношением k-ого порядка. Более сложным подмодулем является подмодуль заданный одним полиномиальным соотношением. Подмодули пар Туэ j-ого порядка напрямую связаны с полиномами Туэ j-ого порядка. С помощью алгебраической теории подмодулей пар Туэ j-ого порядка удалось получить новое доказательство теоремы М. Н. Добровольского (старшего) о том, что для каждого порядка j существуют два основных полинома Туэ j-ого порядка, через которые выражаются все остальные. Основные полиномы определяются с точностью до унимодулярной многочленной матрицы над кольцом целочисленных многочленов.В работе вводятся дробно-линейные преобразования ТДП-форм. Показано, что при переходе от ТДП-формы, связанной с алгебраическим числом α к ТДП-форме, связанной с остаточной дробью к алгебраическому числу α, ТДП-форма преобразуется по закону, аналогичному преобразованию минимальных многочленов, а числители и знаменатели соответствующих пар Туэ преобразуются с помощью дробно-линейного преобразования второго рода

О МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ В. Н. КУЗНЕЦОВА (К 70-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ)

This article is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of a prominent specialist in the analytic theory of numbers — Valentin Nikolaevich Kuznetsov. An overview of the main stages of professional formation and growth V. N. Kuznetsova. Analyzed the main directions of fundamental and applied mathematical research. The list of the main scientific publications of V. N. Kuznetsova and topics of theses, for which V. N. Kuznetsov was the supervisor.Эта статья посвящена 70-летию видного специалиста по аналитической теории чисел — Валентину Николаевичу Кузнецову. Дан обзор основных этапов профессионального становления и роста В. Н. Кузнецова. Проанализированы основные направления его фундаментальных математических и прикладных исследований. Представлен список основных научных публикаций В. Н. Кузнецова и тематика диссертаций, по которым В. Н. Кузнецов был научным руководителем

ПИХТИЛЬКОВ СЕРГЕЙ АЛЕКСЕЕВИЧ Жизнь и научная деятельность

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ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ НЕБЛАГОПРЯТНОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ ОСТРОГО ИНФАРКТА МИОКАРДА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2-го ТИПА ПРИ ИНТЕНСИВНОМ КОНТРОЛЕ ГЛИКЕМИИ

Objective. To determine predictors of complications of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (2TDM) and it’s value of intensive glycemic control during insulin infusion.Methods. The study included 112 patients with MI and 2TDM at first day of hospital admission with blood glucose level above 7.8 mmol/l. Prognosis of combined study endpoint included the death and ma-jor complications of MI for the hospital and long-term (6-month) stages. The statistical analysis was per-formed (Statistica 6.0 for Windows). The predictive value was assessed with ROC-curves analysis meth-od.Results. Intensive glycemic control with insulin infusion reduced the activity of lipid peroxidation and improve prediction of study endpoint. Predictors of adverse hospital prognosis of MI in association with type 2 diabetes were hyperglycemia on admission above 10 mmol/l, and increase of C-peptide. The in-crease of C-peptide in the 1st and 7th day, hs-CRP on day 1, diene conjugates on the 7th day and glucose level on admission above 8.9 mmol/l (patients without 2TDM) and 14.3 mmol/l (patients with 2TDM) had the 6-month predictive value.Conclusion. The strict achievement of the target level of glucose in acute MI improves it’s prognosis at the hospital and at a 6-month prospective study.Цель работы – определить предикторы неблагоприятного течения острого инфаркта миокарда (ОИМ) у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (СД-2) и прогностическое значение интенсивного контроля гликемии при проведении инфузионной инсулинотерапии (ИИТ).Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 112 пациентов с ОИМ, которые поступили в порядке скорой медицинской помощи в течение 1-х сут с диагнозом «инфаркт миокарда» и уровнем глюкозы в крови при поступлении выше 7,8 ммоль/л. Неблагоприятный исход оценивали по наступлению конечной точки, означающей смерть пациента или развитие основных осложнений ИМ для госпитального и отдаленного (6-месячного) этапов. Определяли показатели углеводного обмена (концентрацию в крови инсулина, С-пептида), уровни маркеров перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) (ТБК-активные продукты, диеновые конъюгаты, свободные жирные кислоты) и воспаления (вч-СРБ). Статистический анализ проводили с использованием пакета прикладных программ Statistica 6.0 for Windows, для оценки прогностической ценности результатов регрессионного анализа использовали метод ROC-кривых.Результаты. В результате исследования были подтверждены развитие инсулинорезистентности, активация процессов ПОЛ и воспаления, которые сохранялись на протяжении 6-месячного периода и преобладали у больных СД-2. Интенсивный контроль гликемии проведением ИИТ в острый период ОИМ снижал активность процессов ПОЛ и улучшал госпитальный прогноз по конечной точке исследования. Предикторами неблагоприятного госпитального прогноза ИМ в ассоциации с СД-2 были гипергликемия при поступлении выше 10 ммоль/л, повышение на 1-е сут уровня  С-пептида, для 6-месячного прогноза – повышение уровня С-пептида на 1-е и 7-е сут, вч-СРБ на 1-е сут и диеновых конъюгатов на 7-е сут ОИМ. Неблагоприятный 6-месячный прогноз ассоциирован с повышением уровня глюкозы при поступлении больного в стационар выше 8,9 ммоль/л для больных без диабета и выше 14,3  ммоль/л – для больных СД-2.Заключение. Проведение контролируемой ИИТ с достижением целевого уровня гликемии в острый период инфаркта миокарда улучшает течение и прогноз заболевания на госпитальном этапе и в 6-месячном периоде

Assessment of destruction of polyethylene modified with pro-oxidants in the context of environmental safety

The paper presents the results of the evaluation of the destruction of polyethylene LDPE (hereinafter-PE), modified by prooxidants based on iron, copper and cobalt carboxylates (in the amount of 1.5 mass. % ) with accelerated thermal and ultraviolet aging for 192 hours. The assessment of degradation in the context of environmental safety included the determination of the degree of compliance of the materials with the requirements of state standard 33747-2016 "Oxo-biodegradable packaging", according to which the criterion of the efficiency of oxobiodestructionpolyolefins may be a decrease in strength and elongation at break of the sample at accelerated aging, as well as the quantitative determination of the release of formaldehyde during thermal degradation modified with prooxidants PE for comparison with the maximum permissible concentration. The rheological parameters of the materials were studied and a comparative assessment of the melt viscosity reduction and reduction with respect to elongation at break in the dynamics of accelerated thermal and UV aging of the PE modified with prooxidants in the selected time interval of 192 hours of exposure was carried out. A decrease in the relative elongation at rupture of PE containing cobalt - based prooxidant by 94% at thermal aging for 192 hours, and by 46% at ultraviolet was established. For PE modified with copper carboxylate, these values were 64 and 33 %, respectively, for PE modified with iron carboxylate – 35% and 40%, respectively. The reduction of strength by 95% of the initial value for 192 hours of temperature exposure was achieved in a sample modified with cobalt, which confirms its compliance with state standard 33747-2016. For other samples, the degree of strength reduction in the selected time interval does not allow to assess compliance with the specified standard. The release of formaldehyde during thermal aging for 192 hours per 1 g of the PE sample modified with cobalt carboxylate was 0.051 mg/m3, for PE modified with copper carboxylate – 0.032 mg/m3, for PE modified with iron carboxylate – 0.034 mg/m3. Installed excessive concentrations of formaldehyde in air hood PH with the carboxylate of cobalt 1.2 times under thermal aging 96 hours and 1.5 times the thermal ageing of a maximum of 192 hours. The reduction of the viscosity of PE containing cobalt – based prooxidant by 90% at thermal aging for 192 hours and by 10% at ultraviolet was recorded. For PE modified with copper carboxylate, these values were 9 and 2 %, respectively, for PE modified with iron carboxylate – 8 and 5%, respectively

Trimetazidine effects on red blood cell membrane lipids and necrosis area size in thrombolytic therapy of myocardial infarction

Aim. То assess the effects of an anti-ischemic medication trimetazidine on necrosis area size, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and membrane phosphohpids in thrombolytic therapy (ТLТ) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Material and methods. The study included 79 AMI patients. Coronary artery recanalisation was achieved by intravenous bolus administration of streptase (750 000 Units). All patients received anticoagulants, disaggregants, beta-adrenoblockers, nitrates, and ACE inhibitors, according to the relevant indications and contraindications. The control group (CG) included 39 patients. Before TLT the main group (MG; n=40) was administered trimetazidine 40 mg/kg per os, followed by the dose of 60 mg/day. Myocardial ischemia severity was assessed by QRS-index and total creatine phosphokinase activity (CK) in plasma. LPO activity was assessed by serum levels of malonic dialdehyde (MDA). PhosphoUpid (PHL) profile of ted blood cell membranes was measured by thin layer chromatography method.Results. Trimetazidine administration (60 pg/day per os) in reperfusion period was associated with significant decrease in anginal attack number, daily nitrate dose, reperfusion myocardial damage severity, and serum MDA concentration, comparing to the controls. In red blood cell membranes, concentrations of phosphatidyl chohne, phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in the MG than in the CG, which points to trimetazidine impact on these metabolites in myocardial reperfusion. Simultaneous reduction in phosphatidyl ethanolamine level could be due to its involvement in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serine synthesis, stimulated by trimetazidine.Conclusion. Trimetazidine therapy in AMI patients increased TLT effectiveness, due to reduced LPO and cell membrane PL normalization, improved myocardiocyte viability and beneficial effects on post-MI myocardial remodeling

Growth and luminescent properties of new Eu 2+^{2+} doped RbBa2_{2}I5_{5} scintillator

A novel crystal scintillator of RbBa$_{2}$I$_{5}$:Eu$^{2+}$ was grown by the Bridgman–Stockbarger method. Its luminescence and scintillation properties were investigated. Under X-ray excitation, the crystal demonstrates blue luminescence peaking at 436 nm associated with 4f$^{6}$5d$^{1}$ → 4f$^{7}$ radiative transitions of Eu$^{2+}$ ions. The main X-ray luminescence decay constant is 800 ns. The light output of RbBa$_{2}$I$_{5}$:3%Eu$^{2+}$ sample under 662 keV excitation is 58,200 ph/MeV

I/D POLYMORPHISM OF ANGIOTENSINE CONVERTING ENZYME IN CHD PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE AND GENDER

Aim. To analyze spread of alleles and genotypes of ACE gene in CHD patients of different gender and age and to study their realtion with MI risk.Material and methods. Totally 326 individuals of both age, Tomsk city inhabitants, aged 34-79 y. o., included into the study. Of those 173 CHD patients having MI anamnesis and 153 healthy individuals. For the entire group the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene with PCR method using primers by AmpliKit Company (Saint-Petersburg). For the analysis of frequency spread of alleles and genotypes the χ2 criteria used, precise Fischer test and relative risk estimation.Results. By the results of statistic analysis there were no difference between control and patient groups by the prevalence of ACE genes and alleles. While studying women separately there were no siginificant differences between patients and controls in genotypes and alleles. In men with MI in anamesis there was increase of DD genes prevalence comparing to healthy individuals (p=0,038). The analysis of MI prevalence and I/D polymorphism in men and women was performed with relation to age. It is shown that in men younger than 50 y.o. homozygotes there are moreprevalent II and DD genotypes, than in men older than 50 y.o., whom ID genotype is more prevalent (p=0,031). In women group the difference between those younger and older than 55 y.o. the spread of genotypes was similar, but there were more prevalent MIs in older group (p=0,020).Conclusion. The important points of I/D polymorphism of ACE genes influence on MI risk was shown. Among women, sick and healthy, and of various age, there were no significant differences in genitypes prevalence. However there are statistically significant differences in the genotype spread was found in healthy men and men after MI, and in men with the age of 34-50 and 51-79 y.o