Diversification of alcohol products consumption in Europe

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad zróżnicowaniem poziomu konsumpcji wyrobów alkoholowych w państwach europejskich w latach 2000-2013. W badanym okresie zaobserwowano zmianę tendencji spożycia wyrobów alkoholowych z rosnącej na malejącą. Spadek nastąpił w latach 2007-2008 i najprawdopodobniej jest związane z kryzysem finansowym, który wówczas się rozpoczął. Konsumpcja wyrobów alkoholowych w Europie charakteryzuje się niskim poziomem zróżnicowania w badanym okresie, co oznacza, że pomimo wspomnianej zmiany tendencji, charakteryzowała się ona dużą stabilnością. Oceniono również zróżnicowanie poziomu konsumpcji wyrobów alkoholowych w poszczególnych państwach oraz sklasyfikowano je pod jego względem.The paper presents the results of research on the differentiation of alcohol consumption in European countries in the years 2000-2013. In the study period, the trend of consumption of alcoholic products from the growing to the decreasing one was changed. This change was in the years 2007-2008 and is most likely related to the financial crisis that has just started. The consumption of alcoholic beverages in Europe is characterized by low levels of diversification over the period considered, which means that, despite the aforementioned trend change, it was quite stable. The differentiation of consumption levels of alcoholic beverages in individual countries was also assessed and classified in terms of their level

A Programmable Processor with 4096 Processing Units for Media Applications

Over the past few years, technology drivers for processor designs have changed significantly. Media data delivery and processing -- such as telecommunications, networking, video processing, speech recognition and 3D graphics -- is increasing in importance and will soon dominate the processing cycles consumed in computer-based systems. This paper describes a processo, called Linedancer, that provides high media performance with low energy consumption by integrating associative SIMD parallel processing with embedded microprocessor technology. The major innovations in the Linedancer is the integration of thousands of processing units in a single chip that are capable to support software programmable high-performance mathematical functions as well as abstract data processing. In addition to 4096 processing units, Linedancer integrates on a single chip a RISC controller that is an implementation of the SPARC architecture, 128 Kbytes of Data Memory, and I/O interfaces. The SIMD processing in Linedancer implements the ASProCore architecture, which is a proprietary implementation of SIMD processing, operates at 266 MHz with program instructions issued by the RISC controller. The device also integrates a 64-bit synchronous main memory interface operating at 133 MHZ (double-data rate, DDR), and a 64-bit 66 MHz PCI interface

X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy studies of laterite standard reference material

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to characterize two natural samples of laterite standard reference materials (certified geologically), a mechanical mixture of Fe2O3, SiO2 and Al2O3 in a 4/2/1 proportion. Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3 samples were analyzed for, comparison purposes. Special attention was paid to peak shape, FWHM, comparison of the same XPS peaks of different samples, and peak shifts. The XPS results reveal the presence of some kind of iron aluminate prevailing on the surface of the laterite standard reference materials. It is also observed that the mechanical mixture exhibits a differential charging effect. Our report provides important information for the researchers doing XPS on these materials when they are used in catalytic reactions

Caracterizacion por XPS de lateritas estandar

Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to characterize mainly two standard laterite samples. Samples of Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3 were also analysed for comparison purposes. A detailed study of the O1s band of oxygen present in these samples allowed us to obtain information which was used to distinguish clearly the samples