RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF HYGIENIC STATE OF ORAL CAVITY AND PERIODONTIUM TISSUES IN CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS OF IRKUTSK

At the present moment periodontium tissues diseases are often registered in the population of children and teenagers. The article shows the interrelation of progress of periodontium tissues diseases with hygienic state of oral cavity. In this article we showed thatfirst evident manifestations of periodontium tissues diseases are revealed in thisgroup of patients at the age of eight. Number of diseases increases (up to 13,61 ± 2,48 %] and their severity grows with the increase of years. Th is is related to the h igh level (up to 45,45 %) of unsatisfactory hygienic state of oral cavity of examined children and teenagers

Changes in the oxidative-antioxidant status of blood in freestyle wrestlers under the influence of physical exertion

Purpose of the study: to evaluate the “lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection” system in freestyle wrestlers under the influence of intense physical activity in order to identify the nature of oxidative processes and the antioxidant status of the athletes’ body.Materials and methods: the study involved athletes — freestyle wrestlers, boys 18–22 years old, with sports qualifications: candidate master of sports or master of sports, regularly involved in freestyle wrestling. The control group consisted of students who did not have a sports category and were not involved in sports activities, comparable in gender, age, weight category with the comparison group.  The material for the study was plasma and red blood cells. Blood sampling from athletes was carried out twice, at the end of the preparatory and competitive periods, in the morning, on an empty stomach from the ulnar vein, in accordance with generally accepted requirements. Components of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.Results: it was found that in athletes after intense physical activity (competitive period), there is a significantly significant decrease in substrates with double bonds by 61 %, primary products by 59 % and intermediate products by 44 %, an increase in the final products of lipid peroxidation by 25 % against the background of inhibition activity of antioxidant protection components: retinol by 40 %, superoxide dismutase by 7 % and reduced glutathione by 11 %.Conclusion: The level of free radical processes increases during physical activity due to the accumulation of oxygen in organs and tissues, and depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise. In the course of the study, it was established that the preparatory and competitive periods, in comparison with the control group, among freestyle wrestlers, depending on the previous level of physical activity, are characterized by activation of lipid peroxidation processes and inhibition of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection. The established changes are recommended to be taken into account when conducting comprehensive rehabilitation of athletes, when developing recommendations for improving the training process, as well as when using antioxidant complexes for athletes aimed at restoring various parts of the body’s antioxidant defense

Features of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in Mongoloid men, carriers of non-functional polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, with different status of fertility

Background. Genetic factors cause 30-50 % of cases of male infertility different forms. We have conducted the investigation of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection system components, associated with the biotransformation genes polymorphisms, in men with infertility. Aims: to study parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system associated with polymorphisms of biotransformation genes in infertile Mongoloid men. Materials and methods. The main group included 143 men of reproductive age from Mongoloid population who came to the Public Health Institution "Republican Perinatal Center" in Ulan-Ude with the problem of one year and more infertility after the marriage. Fifty-three almost healthy males with proven fertility were included in the control group. Blood samples of all men were genotyped by glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1) gene family and activity of glutathione system enzymes was determined. Results. In the fertile Mongoloids with non-functional genotype GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) we have established an increase concentration of a-tocopherol in serum, activity of glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in glutathione-S-transferase, as well as a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol. In infertile Mongoloids with non-functional GSTT1(0/0)/ GSTM1 (0/0) genotypes, an increase in the tiobarbituric acid reactants, glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol was found in the ejaculate; we also detected a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol, the level of oxidized glutathione and glutathione-s-transferase activity. Conclusions. Genetically determined peculiarities of functioning of the xenobiotic biotransformation system make each individual unique with regard to their adaptive capacity - resistance or sensibility to the damaging exo- and endogenous factors

Modern concepts of viral hepatitis (review of literature)

We conducted an analysis of Russian and foreign literature and an analysis of our researches on the problem of etiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis was showed. Viral hepatitis occupies a leading position among infectious disease. Chronic forms of viral hepatitis B and C is the most prevalent. Among them more than 60 % are registered in age from 20 to 39 years. In spite of the fact that pathogenesis, clinical aspects and chronization of these forms are different, they have the general processes in a liver. The changes of these processes of the general systems of an organism (such as the neuroendocrine regulation, lipid status and lipid peroxidation - antioxidant system) have the particular importance. Studying these variables under abnormalities of reproductive health in women with hepatitis is particularly topical

FEATURES OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM STATE IN ADOLESCENTS OF EASTERN SIBERIA IN DEPENDS ON THEIR GENDER AND ETHNIC ORIGIN

This research is devoted to studying of features of antioxidant protection system in adolescent boys and girls of various ethnic groups of Eastern Siberia. Study of the peculiarities of processes of antioxidant protection of populations of people of different ethnicity, living in the same geographical conditions, is of undoubted scientific interest. It is especially important to assess metabolic status of a young, growing body to ensure in the future the preservation of reproductive ability. We biochemically evaluated 58 boys of 14-17 years old. Out of them 19 boys were Russian, 29 boys were Buryat population and 10 boys were metises. Also we biochemically evaluated 57 girls. Out of them 21 were Russian, 27 girls were Buryat population and 9 girls were metises. The materials for biochemical studies were blood serum and red cells. The total antioxidant activity of serum and the content of its components (superoxide dismutase, α-tocopherol, retinol, blood-reduced glutathione) were evaluatedbya spectrofluomphotometer «SHIMADZU-1501» (Japan). Statistical analysis was performed by parametric tests. The study was supported by grants of the President ofthe Council of the Russian Federation (Scientific School 494.2012.7). The detected features of antioxidant protection processes in observed adolescents had gender differences, also may be explained by their ethnicity and characterized by different degree of activity of metabolic processes in adolescent boys and girls of different ethnic groups of Eastern Siberia. Study the state of the antioxidant system of the organism can be used as an additional criterion for complex examination of practically healthy adolescents, which significantly enhance the representation about the adaptation possibilities of the organism to external conditions and can be a basis for effective monitoring of reproductive health in the future

THE CHANGES OF FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF A THYROID AND METABOLISM OF THYROID HORMONES IN TEENAGED GIRLS IN DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF EASTERN SIBERIA AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF LONG-TERM ADAPTATION TO EXTREME CLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS OF LIVING

Girls and teenaged girls of different ethnic groups living in Tofalaria during different age period were examined. The aim of this research was to establish the peculiarities of functioning of pituitary-thyroid system and metabolism of thyroid hormones in healthy girls and teenagers living under adverse climatic and geographical conditions depending on their ethnicity. It was set that in ethnic Tofs girls and in Europoids girls in age group of 7-11 there were differences in the content of the active fractions of thyroid hormones testifying different mechanisms of maintenance of thyroid homeostasis. These differences remain in age group of 12-14, when changes in pituitary section of the system are added to them. The functioning of pituitary-thyroid system-level of neuro-endocrine regulation in native girls of Tofalaria of 15-18 goes in more economical way. This is actually the result of genetically determined long-term adaptation of natives' organism to extreme climatic and geographical environmental factors

Biomechanical substantiation of one—axis deformity of adipose—cutaneous flaps of temporal and zygomatic areas while performance of upper ritidectomy

Актуальність проблеми визначення біомеханічних можливостей шкірно-жирових клаптів зумовлена значним збільшенням частоти виконання косметичних операцій та відсутністю єдиної концепції щодо таких втручань. У 32 жінок віком від 35 до 65 років, яким усунутий надлишок м'яких тканин під час здійснення ритидектомії та інших оперативних втручань, виділені шкірно—жирові клапті для з'ясування механізмів їх пластичної деформації. На основі аналізу цілеспрямованих біомеханічних досліджень визначені оптимальні межі розтягнення шкірно—жирових клаптів виличної — на (0,45 ± 0,021) см та скроневої — на (0,0165 ± 0,002) см ділянок, що дало змогу виконувати хірургічні втручання з збереженням природних топографоанатомічних співвідношень тканин обличчя під час виконання верхньої ритидектомії; Актуальность проблемы определения биомеханических возможностей кожно-жировых лоскутов обусловлена ​​значительным увеличением частоты выполнения косметических операций и отсутствием единой концепции по таким вмешательств. В 32 женщин в возрасте от 35 до 65 лет, которым устранен избыток мягких тканей при осуществлении ритидектомии и других оперативных вмешательств, выделенные кожно-жировые лоскуты для выяснения механизмов их пластической деформации. На основе анализа целенаправленных биомеханических исследований определены оптимальные границы растяжение кожно-жировых лоскутов скуловой - на (0,45 ± 0,021) см и височной - на (0,0165 ± 0,002) см участков, что позволило выполнять хирургические вмешательства с сохранением природных топографоанатомическом соотношений тканей лица при исполнении верхней ритидектомии; The urgency of the problem of determining the biomechanical capabilities of skin and fat scarls is due to a significant increase in the frequency of cosmetic surgery and the lack of a common concept for such interventions. In 32 women between the ages of 35 and 65, who have eliminated the excess of soft tissues during rhythydectomy and other surgical interventions, skin and fat shampoos have been identified to find out the mechanisms for their plastic deformation. On the basis of the analysis of purposeful biomechanical researches, the optimum limits of the extension of skin and fatty shreds of cherry were determined on (0,45 ± 0,021) cm and temporal - on (0,0165 ± 0,002) cm sections, which allowed to perform surgical interventions with the preservation of natural topographic anatomical relationships facial tissues during upper rhythmectomy

How do parents experience being asked to enter a child in a randomised controlled trial?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As the number of randomised controlled trials of medicines for children increases, it becomes progressively more important to understand the experiences of parents who are asked to enrol their child in a trial. This paper presents a narrative review of research evidence on parents' experiences of trial recruitment focussing on qualitative research, which allows them to articulate their views in their own words.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Parents want to do their best for their children, and socially and legally their role is to care for and protect them yet the complexities of the medical and research context can challenge their fulfilment of this role. Parents are simultaneously responsible for their child and cherish this role yet they are dependent on others when their child becomes sick. They are keen to exercise responsibility for deciding to enter a child in a trial yet can be fearful of making the 'wrong' decision. They make judgements about the threat of the child's condition as well as the risks of the trial yet their interpretations often differ from those of medical and research experts. Individual pants will experience these and other complexities to a greater or lesser degree depending on their personal experiences and values, the medical situation of their child and the nature of the trial. Interactions at the time of trial recruitment offer scope for negotiating these complexities if practitioners have the flexibility to tailor discussions to the needs and situation of individual parents. In this way, parents may be helped to retain a sense that they have acted as good parents to their child whatever decision they make.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Discussing randomised controlled trials and gaining and providing informed consent is challenging. The unique position of parents in giving proxy consent for their child adds to this challenge. Recognition of the complexities parents face in making decisions about trials suggests lines for future research on the conduct of trials, and ultimately, may help improve the experience of trial recruitment for all parties.</p