Цифровые деньги на современном этапе: ключевые риски и направления развития

The article explores modern trends in the development of digital money. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the risks of digital money, and to study scientific approaches and tools for managing these risks. The authors use general scientific and special research methods, including comparative legal analysis and a systematization method, as well as methods of economic theory: positive analysis and scientific abstraction. The research highlights the strategic challenges and guidelines in the development of digital money in the Russian Federation and shows the difference and common features of digital and electronic money. Based on a comparative analysis of private and national digital money, we conclude that the digital money of Central Banks is more flexible and more reliable for consumers than private cryptocurrencies. We systematize the risks of digital money circulation at the micro, mezzo and macro levels, as well as identify the essential tools for managing them. The authors note that exogenous risk management tools are more typical for private cryptocurrencies, and endogenous tools will apply to digital money of central banks, in particular, the development of an appropriate configuration of Central Bank digital currency. The study may be useful for digital money users, as well as government agencies implementing policies and regulations on the issue and circulation of digital money in Russia.Статья посвящена исследованию современных тенденций в развитии цифровых денег. Цель статьи состоит в идентификации и анализе рисков, присущих цифровым деньгам, и определении научных подходов и инструментов управления обозначенными рисками. Авторы используют общенаучные и специальные методы исследования, включая сравнительно-правовой анализ и метод систематизации, а также методы экономической теории: позитивного анализа и научной абстракции. Выделены стратегические вызовы и ориентиры в развитии цифровых денег в Российской Федерации. Показаны отличие и общие черты цифровых и электронных денег. На основе сравнительного анализа характеристик частных и национальных цифровых денег сделан вывод, что цифровые деньги центробанков обладают большей гибкостью и более надежны для потребителей, чем частные криптовалюты. Систематизированы риски обращения цифровых денег на микро-, мезо- и макроуровнях, а также необходимый инструментарий для управления ими. Авторы отмечают, что для частных криптовалют более характерны экзогенные инструменты управления рисками, а для цифровых денег центральных банков актуальны эндогенные инструменты, в частности разработка соответствующей конфигурации цифровой валюты центробанка. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для пользователей цифровых денег, а также для государственных органов при реализации политики в области регулирования эмиссии и обращения цифровых денег в России

Typology of risks of territories of advanced development

The article deals with the one of the most difficult aspects of the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) - risk management. That partnership is the answer to the solution of problems with the choice of an effective way of development of transport, social, communal and other infrastructure. The practice of using PPP forms is gaining popularity in the territory of Russia. The authors considers the matters of the Russian economy improvement by readjustment the existing risk management paradigm of a PPP. An integral part of highly professional risk management is the definition of management objects in the economic sphere. A number of controversial issues related to classifications of risks of PPP is raised in the article. Since the domestic theory has not yet solved the problem of clear and comprehensive risk identification in the implementation of projects based on PPP, it is necessary to develop such a classification is now becoming particularly relevant. Various available points of view on this issue are analyzed. The authors propose their position on the classification of risks for the territories of advanced development proceeding from the environment of their origin. The developed classification will help stimulate the PPP market from a practical point of view in different sectors. The modern advantages of using advanced development territories in the Russian Federation and recommended them as an organizational model of PPP are revealed. It should be noted that to date there is no single system of documents for the development of regional infrastructure, which causes a lot of uncertainties in the course of making a decision on this transaction

Additional Education for Children with Special Needs and Disabilities in the Russian Federation: National Monitoring Concept

The development of inclusive education progresses at different speeds across the world. In the Russian Federation inclusive education is developing primarily at the school level but one of the most crucial aspects of socialization is additional education, and in this regard the needs of children with special needs and disabilities remain an outstanding issue. A concept of the national monitoring of additional education for children with special needs and disabilities is proposed. The article presents the project of the toolkit for the national monitoring of entities engaged in additional educational activities for children with special needs and disabilities, which includes eight blocks: organizational structure of entities engaged in implementing additional educational programs for children in each constituent territory of the Russian Federation; implementation of additional educational programs for children with special needs and disabilities in entities with various subordination and organizational structures; material and technical support; staffing and professional training for specialists engaged in implementing additional educational programs for children with special needs and disabilities; information on ongoing additional educational programs for children with special needs and disabilities; typical obstacles which arise in the course of activities organized by entities engaged in implementing additional educational programs for children with special needs and disabilities; information resources and the system of inter-agency interaction in the course of the implementation of additional educational programs for children, including those with special needs and disabilities; financing of entities engaged in implementing additional educational programs for children. The presence/absence of a regional centre of additional education for children is going to be identified, as well as its official name, and the number of subordinate entities which implement additional educational programs in the corresponding Russian region in various areas: arts, sports, science, sociology and pedagogy, technical sciences, tourism and local history, intellectual games. The article could be of assistance for experts who study inclusion problems

Simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clinical options

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is the most promising treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Successful SPKT eliminates uremic intoxication and hyperglycemia – the leading trigger of vascular diabetic complications. Therefore, euglycemia is an important metabolic change in patients after surgery and remains only one of the factors for the saved renal allograft functioning. In the case of resuming renal replacement therapy by dialysis after SPKT, the management and monitoring of the pancreatic graft remains open. Special attention to the pancreatic graft’s function is due to both the potential risk of surgical complications, and some probability of T1DM relapse with the need to resume insulin therapy. In patients with saved function of both transplants, the assessment of the dynamics of diabetic complications in general becomes more important. The results of few studies in this regard remain contradictory. Thus, clinical options can be unpredictably diverse and require not only search for the root cause, but also optimization of rehabilitation tactics, even if the expected results are achieved

Acute mitral chodae rupture in the early postcovid in heavy physical active men. Case series

The opinion that COVID-19 is a greater threat only to the elderly people has changed over the past year. Experience has been accumulated in the development of complications of varying severity in young patients who had optimal health indicators before infection. The consequences of myocarditis are most dangerous, especially in athletes and military personnel. We present a series of clinical cases of spontaneous mitral valve chordae rupture in highly trained middle-aged men in the early post-COVID period. In all cases, the infection proceeded subclinically; SARS-CoV-2 was verified only by analysis for IgM. 1–2 weeks after infection, against the background of a routine training process, patients felt pain in the heart area, which was underestimated. Patients presented for help at 2 and 10 weeks with complaints of reduced endurance and shortness of breath. Echocardiography revealed rupture of one of the chords of the anterior part of the mitral valve against the background of signs of myocarditis with the development of valvular insufficiency of the 1st degree. By the time of treatment, the pathology of other laboratory data and ECG was not observed. The control after 6 months showed in 1 patient a focus of myocardial fibrosis according to MRI, a minimal increase in NT-proBNP, a decrease in exercise tolerance, in 2 patients there was no visible fibrosis, normal NT-proBNP and complete restoration of exercise tolerance, but a decrease in local myocardial deformation according to echocardiography

РАСЧЕТ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ МЕДНЫХ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАТОРОВ СО СЛОЖНЫМ СОЕДИНЕНИЕМ КАНАЛОВ

A mathematical model and algorithm of the hydraulic calculation of the crystallization wall with a complex connection of a periodically repeated system of horizontal and vertical channels are considered. A computer program allowing one to perform the hydraulic calculation of the crystallizer plate having an arbitrary number of channels of various forms and sizes is created based on the developed mathematical model. The possibilities of this software product when designing copper crystallizes to select their geometric parameters and rational regimes of hydraulic operation are shown.Рассмотрены математическая модель и алгоритм гидравлического расчета стенки кристаллизатора со сложным соединением периодически повторяющейся системы горизонтальных и вертикальных каналов. По разработанной математической модели создана компьютерная программа, позволяющая проводить гидравлический расчет стенки кристаллизатора, имеющей произвольное количество каналов различных форм и размеров. Показаны возможности этого программного продукта при конструировании медных кристаллизаторов для выбора их геометрических параметров и рациональных режимов гидравлической работы

Comparative Evaluation of Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Obtaining Biofuel from a Sustainable Consortium of Microalgae Arthrospira platensis with Heterotrophic Bacteria

This article presents a comparative evaluation of pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) for obtaining biofuel from microalgal biomass (MAB). The research was carried out using biomass of a stable microalgae-bacteria consortium based on Arthrospira platensis. A. platensis was chosen because of its simple cultivation and harvesting. Pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C with a constant rate of temperature change of 10 °C/min; HTL was carried out at temperatures of 270, 300, and 330 °C. The bio-oil yield obtained by HTL (38.8–45.7%) was significantly higher than that of pyrolysis (up to 21.9%). At the same time, the bio-coal yields using both technologies were almost the same—about 27%. Biochar (bio-coal) can be considered as an alternative strategy for CO2 absorption and subsequent storage since it is 90% geologically stabilized carbon

МИКРОБИОЦЕНОЗ УРОГЕНИТАЛЬНОГО ТРАКТА СОБАК ПРИ ЭНДОМЕТРИТАХ

The paper presents the data on examination of microbiocoenosis of urogenital tract in 144 dogs of different breed and age whose private owners are Novosibirsk citizens. Microorganisms isolated from pathological stock were analyzed for their sensitivity to antibacterial preparations. Frequently identified microorganisms were found out, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis. There were established associations of microorganisms Staphylococcus spp. + Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. + Proteus spp. The paper also shows microorganisms’ sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, etc. Microorganisms were found out to be resistant to antibiotics, such as oxacillin, doxycycline, and rifampicin. High activity of fluoroquinolones is determined regarding most microorganisms. The data obtained are of practical value for selecting antibacterial preparations when treating dogs’ gynecological diseases of infectious etiology.Представлены результаты изучения микробиоценоза урогенитального тракта 144 собак различных пород и  возрастов, принадлежащих частным владельцам г. Новосибирска. Проведен анализ чувствительности микроорганизмов, изолированных из патологического материала, к антибактериальным препаратам. Обнаружены часто идентифицируемые микроорганизмы, такие как Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis. Установлены ассоциации микроорганизмов Staphylococcusspp. + Enterococcusspp., Staphylococcus spp. + Proteus spp. Показана чувствительность микроорганизмов к  β-лактамным антибиотикам, аминогликозидам, фторхинолонам, тетрациклинам, макролидам и др. Выявлена антибиотикорезистентность микроорганизмов в  отношении оксациллина, доксициклина, ри- фампицина. Определена высокая активность фторхинолонов в отношении большинства микроорганизмов. Полученные данные имеют практическое значение для выбора антибактериальных препаратов при лечении гинекологических болезней собак инфекционной этиологии