Multicomponent Aging Al-Li-Based Alloys of the Latest Generation: Structural and Phase Transformations, Treatments, Properties, and Future Prospects

An overview of modern material science problems is presented for ultralightweight highmodulus commercial Al-Li-based alloys in historical retrospect. Numerous particular examples of the Soviet and Russian aviation whose various designs were made of these alloys confirm their successful innovative potential. The key regularities of multicomponent alloying are discussed for the master alloys and modern commercial Al-Li-based alloys of the latest generation; the features typical of their microstructures, phase composition, and properties formed during aging are analyzed. The main mechanisms of phase formation are generalized for standard thermal and thermomechanical treatments. Recent original achievements have been obtained in designing of unique structural and phase transformations in these commercial alloys by means of methods of severe plastic deformations followed by heat treatment and storage. Using the example of three Russian commercial alloys of last generation, the basic principles of creating and controlling an ultrafine-grained structure, the origin and growth of stable nanophases of various types and chemical composition that determine the physicomechanical properties of alloys are established. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work was performed within the framework of state task 122021000033-2 “Structure”

Influence of ion irradiation on the structure and mechanical properties of extruded V95 alloy profiles after artificial aging

The effect of 10-keV Ar+ ion irradiation on the mechanical properties and structural and phase state of hot-pressed thin profiles 1.5 mm thick and made of an V95 alloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) after artificial aging (T = 140?C, 16 h) has been studied. Ion beam treatment of the alloy (j = 300 μA•cm-2, F = 1.9•1015 and 1.1•1016 cm-2) without heating the samples to significant temperatures (T < 35-50?C) has not been established to change the ultimate strength and yield strength; however, it increases the relative elongation by 1-2 %. Transmission electron microscopy has shown that irradiation changes the grain structure and the morphology of particles of the crystallization origin in the entire volume of quenched and artificially aged V95 alloy samples (1.5 mm thick). The irradiation does not affect the size and the volume fraction of fine strengthening η′- and η-phase particles. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 19-08-00802-аThis work was supported in part by RFBR (grant No. 19-08-00802-а)

Formalization of sustainable innovative development process in the model of innovations diffusion

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reseved. The relevance of the study is reasoned by the fact that the sustainability of innovative development cannot be fully estimated by using the parameters which are traditionally observed by the official statistical bodies, so it suggests the need to improve methodological solutions and technology economic interpretation as well as scaling of indicators’ values in this field. At the macro level there is a small number of indicators on the basis of which we can conclude about the stability of innovative development of economic systems at the meso-and macro level. In this regard, this article aims to formalize the process of sustainable innovation development on the basis of the parameters’ set formation of the innovations’ diffusion model and diagnosis of major economic systems’ development level. The leading method is the parameters’ set formalization of the quantitative model to estimate the level of economic systems’ innovative development based on managerial interpretation of descriptive statistics’ indicators of innovation activity in the framework of economic activities. Aset of quantitative parameters of 9 parametric model of economic systems’ innovative development level is formalized in the article, allowing to diagnose the impact of cyclical factors and the institutional environment that are not fully implemented in the existing macro- systems assessing the level of economic systems’ innovative development; methods of diagnosis and economic interpretation of the relevant indices and indicators’ levels are proposed. The material of this paper is of practical value for enterprises’ innovative activities regulators and monitoring agencies, for regional innovation infrastructure and transfer technology entities, for innovation-active enterprises, because on the basis of the obtained model the optimal solutions in the development of strategies for the upgrading of industries, regions, macro-economic system as a whole are possible

Formalization of sustainable innovative development process in the model of innovations diffusion

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reseved.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the fact that the sustainability of innovative development cannot be fully estimated by using the parameters which are traditionally observed by the official statistical bodies, so it suggests the need to improve methodological solutions and technology economic interpretation as well as scaling of indicators’ values in this field. At the macro level there is a small number of indicators on the basis of which we can conclude about the stability of innovative development of economic systems at the meso-and macro level. In this regard, this article aims to formalize the process of sustainable innovation development on the basis of the parameters’ set formation of the innovations’ diffusion model and diagnosis of major economic systems’ development level. The leading method is the parameters’ set formalization of the quantitative model to estimate the level of economic systems’ innovative development based on managerial interpretation of descriptive statistics’ indicators of innovation activity in the framework of economic activities. Aset of quantitative parameters of 9 parametric model of economic systems’ innovative development level is formalized in the article, allowing to diagnose the impact of cyclical factors and the institutional environment that are not fully implemented in the existing macro- systems assessing the level of economic systems’ innovative development; methods of diagnosis and economic interpretation of the relevant indices and indicators’ levels are proposed. The material of this paper is of practical value for enterprises’ innovative activities regulators and monitoring agencies, for regional innovation infrastructure and transfer technology entities, for innovation-active enterprises, because on the basis of the obtained model the optimal solutions in the development of strategies for the upgrading of industries, regions, macro-economic system as a whole are possible

Селекция гороха овощного для консервной промышленности с мелким размером зерна

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation. Актуальность. В настоящее время для производства консервов «зеленый горошек» используются сорта со средним размером семян. Актуально создание сортов с массой 1000 семян менее 150 г для производства консервов премиум класса.Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили на опытном поле ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Московской область). Объектом исследований служили линии гибридов гороха овощного разных групп спелости с низкой массой 1000 семян.Результаты и обсуждение. На начальном этапе работы были отобраны растения с низкой массой 1000 семян и зеленым цветом семядолей и в течение нескольких лет доведены до константных линий. За годы отборов погодные условия были с резкими перепадами температур и осадков. Это позволило по совокупности признаков выделить образцы с низкой вариабельностью селектируемых признаков. В 2018-2019 годах выделенные линии изучали по признакам продуктивности и технологичности в период технической спелости в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания гороха овощного. Для определения продолжительности периода технической спелости и её связи с урожайностью, уборку зеленого горошка проводили в три срока, начиная с минимальных показателей плотности (34-35 единиц) и с интервалом в трое суток. При определении фракционного состава зеленого горошка выделился образец 4.12, который получил сортовое название Смайлик. Зеленый горошек этого сорта имел достаточно высокую выравненность и мелкий диаметр зерна с преобладанием фракций 5-8,5 мм и 8,6-9,9 мм. Образец 12.12 по своим показателям был близок к Смайлику. По результатам конкурсного сортоиспытания сорт Смайлик в 2019 году был передан на Государственное сортоиспытание РФ

Formalization of sustainable innovative development process in the model of innovations diffusion

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reseved.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the fact that the sustainability of innovative development cannot be fully estimated by using the parameters which are traditionally observed by the official statistical bodies, so it suggests the need to improve methodological solutions and technology economic interpretation as well as scaling of indicators’ values in this field. At the macro level there is a small number of indicators on the basis of which we can conclude about the stability of innovative development of economic systems at the meso-and macro level. In this regard, this article aims to formalize the process of sustainable innovation development on the basis of the parameters’ set formation of the innovations’ diffusion model and diagnosis of major economic systems’ development level. The leading method is the parameters’ set formalization of the quantitative model to estimate the level of economic systems’ innovative development based on managerial interpretation of descriptive statistics’ indicators of innovation activity in the framework of economic activities. Aset of quantitative parameters of 9 parametric model of economic systems’ innovative development level is formalized in the article, allowing to diagnose the impact of cyclical factors and the institutional environment that are not fully implemented in the existing macro- systems assessing the level of economic systems’ innovative development; methods of diagnosis and economic interpretation of the relevant indices and indicators’ levels are proposed. The material of this paper is of practical value for enterprises’ innovative activities regulators and monitoring agencies, for regional innovation infrastructure and transfer technology entities, for innovation-active enterprises, because on the basis of the obtained model the optimal solutions in the development of strategies for the upgrading of industries, regions, macro-economic system as a whole are possible

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ГОРОХА ОВОЩНОГО КАК ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ НА КАЧЕСТВО И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ

The  green pea collection  consisting  of 277 samples  varied in geographical  distance,  quantity, and quality traits was evaluated. The samples  with agronomic valuable traits were selected.  The starch  grains in selected  green pea samples were studied. The molecular analysis of these samples was conducted. The selected samples were used for the reciprocal crossing.  The pattern inheritance  of hybrids F1 was studied.Оценена коллекция сортов  зеленого горошка, состоящая  из  277  образцов. На  основании изучения коллекционного  материала  гороха овощного были   отобраны 6  образцов  как генетические источники высокой продуктивности,  устойчивости  к  корневой гнили   и качества   зелёного горошка для   создания  высококачественных  урожайных  сортов. Изучены  крахмальные зерна и проведен молекулярный анализ выделенных образцов

НАПРЯЖЕННОСТЬ ОТБОРА В ПОТОМСТВАХ ОТ ДИАЛЛЕЛЬНЫХ СКРЕЩИВАНИЙ ГОРОХА ОВОЩНОГО (PISUM SATIVUML)

The promising pea varieties for canning with an optimum combination of elements of yield production have been selected based on utilization of geographically dispersed and morphologically different forms in progeny of diallel crossing. A comparative evaluation of the severity selection in different hybrid generations is shown, from which conclusions are drawn about the breeding value of parental forms.С привлечением географически отдаленных и морфологически различных форм в потомствах от диаллельных скрещиваний отобраны перспективные константные сортообразцы консервного использования с оптимальным сочетанием элементов продуктивности. Показана сравнительная оценка напряженности отбора в разных гибридных поколениях, на основании которой сделаны выводы о селекционной ценности родительских образцов

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ НАСЛЕДОВАНИЯ СКОРОСПЕЛОСТИ У ГОРОХА ОВОЩНОГО

«The number  of infertile nodes»  is a stable  variety trait of pea plants, and it is directly related  to the duration  of the growing season.  To study the manifestations  of this trait in hybrid proge, nies the reciprocal  crosses among  pea samples  of  different groups of maturity have been made.«Число  неплодущих узлов» – устойчивый сортовой  признак растений  гороха овощного и непосредственно  связан с  продолжительностью  вегетационного периода. Для  изучения особенностей   проявления данного  признака  в   гибридных потомствах   проведены реципрокные скрещивания между образцами гороха овощного разных групп  спелости

Пищевая ценность, качество сырья и продовольственное значение культуры гороха овощного (Pisum sativum L.)

Vegetable peas are by far the most widely used among the main vegetable legumes. Due to its high nutritional value, it has an important food value and is cultivated almost everywhere. High nutritional qualities of vegetable peas are determined by the content of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, as well as macro– and microelements. Pea protein is popular due to its affordable price compared to animal protein. The value of pea protein is determined by its amino acid composition and its high balance, especially valuable amino acids that are not synthesized in animals and humans.The article discusses the nutritional value of vegetable peas (green beans; fresh, frozen and canned vegetable peas; dry seeds); the content of water-soluble protein, amino acid composition, the content of macro- and microelements in the seeds of vegetable peas of FSBSI FSVC selection varieties; the quality of green peas as raw materials for canning, depending on the type of seeds and the structure of starch grains; requirements for the quality of raw vegetable peas for canning; seedlings and microgreens as useful and nutritious products for fresh consumption; medicinal properties of vegetable peas; varieties of vegetable peas for various uses.Горох овощной на сегодняшний день – наиболее широко используется среди основных овощных бобовых культур. Благодаря высокой пищевой ценности он имеет важное продовольственное значение и возделывается практически повсеместно. Высокие пищевые качества гороха овощного определяются содержанием белка, углеводов, пищевых волокон, витаминов, а также макро– и микроэлементов. Белок гороха популярен благодаря доступной цене по сравнению с белком животного происхождения. Ценность белка гороха определяет его аминокислотный состав и его высокая сбалансированность, особенно ценны аминокислоты, которые не синтезируются в организме животных и человека. В статье рассматривается пищевая ценность гороха овощного (зеленых бобов; свежего, замороженного и консервированного гороха овощного; сухих семян); содержание водорастворимого белка, аминокислотный состав, содержание макро- и микроэлементов в семенах гороха овощного сортов селекции ФГБНУ ФНЦО; качество свежего гороха овощного как сырья для консервирования в зависимости от типа семян и структуры крахмального зерна; требования к качеству сырья гороха овощного для консервирования; проростки и микрозелень как полезные и питательные продукты для свежего потребления; лечебные свойства гороха овощного; сорта гороха овощного для различного направления использования