The study of organelle DNA variability in alloplasmic barley lines in the NGS era

Alloplasmic lines are a suitable model for studying molecular coevolution and interrelations between genetic systems of plant cells. Whole chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences were obtained by the MiSeq System (Illumina). Organelle DNA samples were prepared from a set of 12 alloplasmic barley lines with different cytoplasms of Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum and H. vulgare ssp. vulgare, as well as from their paternal varieties. A bioinformatic approach for analysis of NGS data obtained on an organellar DNA mix has been developed and verified. A comparative study of Hordeum organelle genomes' variability and disposition of polymorphic loci was conducted. Eight types of chloroplast DNA and 5 types of mitochondrial DNA were distinguished for the barley sample set examined. These results were compared with the previous data of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) study of organelle DNAs for the same material. Formerly established data about a field evaluation of alloplasmic barley lines were revised in the light of information about organelle genomes gained after NGS. Totally 17 polymorphic loci were found at exons of chloroplast genomes. Seven of the SNPs were located in the genes of the Ndh complex. The nonsynonymous changes of nucleotides were detected in the matK, rpoCI, ndhK, ndhG and infA genes. Some of the SNPs detected are very similar in codon position and in the type of amino acid substitution to the places where RNA editing can occur. Thus, these results outline new perspectives for the future study of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in alloplasmic lines

Learning Needs as a Reflection of Professional Interests among Health Experts

Eurasian Economic Union claims single rules for pharmaceutical circulation it will the ground for organizing the single pharmaceutical market. Because of such changes all the specialist from pharmaceutical market have to know all the new legislations. For the purpose of raise the organization responsibilities for quality and safety pharmaceuticals. Market autorotation holder have to create pharmacovigilance system. In connection with it the framework of the social survey was to find out the educational needs in pharmacovigilance among the health experts. The results of polling showed that experts had diffi culties in preparing pharmacovigilance documents. Major of the pollees expressed a wish to complete educational training which will be dedicated to the system of pharmacovigilance. The social survey results shows: converts educational needs among the pollees from 23 to 65 %, it points that experts want to get more additional information and some practical cases for understanding some issues in pharmacovigilance system through workshops, educational programs

Results of a Sociological Survey on the Needs of Drug Safety Monitoring Specialists for Information on the Creation of the Pharmacovigilance System Master File

The Rules of Good Pharmacovigilance Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union oblige developers and marketing authorisation holders to implement a pharmacovigilance system that has to be described in the pharmacovigilance system master file (PSMF). Analysis of public sources revealed lack of data describing the creation of a PSMF. Therefore, the creation of a PSMF and keeping it up to date may prove challenging for pharmacovigilance specialists.The aim of the study was to identify information needs of pharmacovigilance specialists by carrying out a sociological survey.Materials and methods: the authors used information analysis methods (review and analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature) and sociological methods (a questionnaire for pharmacovigilance specialists).Results: the analysis helped to identify the following master file sections that present problems for specialists: sources of safety data; annexes to the master file; quality system; changes in the pharmacovigilance system that may result in an additional request from the competent authorities, etc.Conclusions: the authors identified the most relevant topics for additional training: “Pharmacovigilance system documents” and “Pharmacovigilance system master file”. The results of the study are helpful for elaboration and updating of additional training programmes for pharmacovigilance specialists

Results of an opinion poll devoted to unification of instructions for interchangeable medicines

The article discusses the results of an opinion poll among healthcare professionals and pharmacists devoted to finding out their attitude to the main problems associated with instructions for medicinal products. It was discovered that there was a lack of consensus on what could be regarded as official and unofficial sources of information about medicinal products. The poll elicited the attitude towards instructions for medicinal products among specialists and, indirectly, the general public, and helped establish a need for introducing changes into the instruction form

Analysis of a sociological survey on information and educational needs of specialists in the field of medicines circulation as regards the issue of medicines interchangeability

The article summarises the results of a 2015 survey of healthcare professionals and pharmacists that was aimed to reveal their educational needs on the subject of interchangeable medicines. It was discovered that the respondents were not sufficiently informed about interchangeability of medicines, because independent exploration of regulatory framework does not help to get to know this topic well enough. The survey helped to identify a group of specialists who needed training in «interchangeability of medicines» more than others

Анализ результатов социологического опроса по унификации типовых инструкций по медицинскому применению взаимозаменяемых лекарственных средств

The article discusses the results of an opinion poll among healthcare professionals and pharmacists devoted to finding out their attitude to the main problems associated with instructions for medicinal products. It was discovered that there was a lack of consensus on what could be regarded as official and unofficial sources of information about medicinal products. The poll elicited the attitude towards instructions for medicinal products among specialists and, indirectly, the general public, and helped establish a need for introducing changes into the instruction form.Проведен анализ результатов социологического опроса специалистов здравоохранения и фармацевтической отрасли, целью которого было изучение их мнения по основным проблемам, связанным с применением инструкции для медицинского применения на ЛП. Были установлены проблемы, связанные с различным пониманием того, что является официальным и неофициальным источником информации о лекарственных средствах. Было выявлено отношение специалистов и косвенно населения к инструкции по применению лекарственного препарата, а также была установлена потребность у опрошенных во внесении изменений в инструкцию

Анализ результатов социологического опроса по выявлению информационно-образовательных потребностей специалистов в области обращения лекарственных средств по проблеме взаимозаменяемости лекарственных препаратов

The article summarises the results of a 2015 survey of healthcare professionals and pharmacists that was aimed to reveal their educational needs on the subject of interchangeable medicines. It was discovered that the respondents were not sufficiently informed about interchangeability of medicines, because independent exploration of regulatory framework does not help to get to know this topic well enough. The survey helped to identify a group of specialists who needed training in «interchangeability of medicines» more than others.Проанализированы результаты проведенного в 2015 году социологического опроса специалистов здравоохранения и фармацевтической отрасли, целью которого было выявление информационно-образовательных потребностей специалистов в области обращения лекарственных средств по проблеме взаимозаменяемости лекарственных препаратов. Установлено, что респонденты недостаточно информированы по вопросу взаимозаменяемости, поскольку самостоятельное изучение нормативной базы не в полной мере позволяет изучить данную проблему. Была выявлена группа специалистов с наибольшими потребностями в обучении по проблеме взаимозаменяемости лекарственных препаратов